Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume 1
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133954156
Author: Raymond A. Serway
Publisher: CENGAGE L
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 21, Problem 21.37P
(a)
To determine
The number of atoms in first excited state at
(b)
To determine
The number of atoms in first excited state at
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
One cubic meter of atomic hydrogen at 0°C at atmospheric pressure contains approximately 2.70 × 10 25 atoms. The first excited state of the hydrogen atom has an energy of 10.2 eV above that of the lowest state, called the ground slate. Use the Boltzmann factor to find the number of atoms in the first excited slate (a) at 0 ºC and at (b) (1.00 × 10 4 )°C.
Answer the following.
(a) What is the surface temperature of Betelgeuse, a red giant star in the constellation of Orion, which radiates with a peak wavelength of about 970 nm? K(b) Rigel, a bluish-white star in Orion, radiates with a peak wavelength of 145 nm. Find the temperature of Rigel's surface. K
Answer the following.
(a) What is the surface temperature of Betelgeuse, a red giant star in the constellation of Orion, which radiates with a peak wavelength of about 970 nm?
K
(b) Rigel, a bluish-white star in Orion, radiates with a peak wavelength of 145 nm. Find the temperature of Rigel's surface.
K
Chapter 21 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume 1
Ch. 21 - Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same...Ch. 21 - (i) How does the internal energy of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3QQCh. 21 - Prob. 21.4QQCh. 21 - Cylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder...Ch. 21 - An ideal gas is maintained at constant pressure....Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3OQCh. 21 - A helium-filled latex balloon initially at room...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5OQCh. 21 - Prob. 21.6OQ
Ch. 21 - A sample of gas with a thermometer immersed in the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8OQCh. 21 - Which of the assumptions below is not made in the...Ch. 21 - Hot air rises, so why does it generally become...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2CQCh. 21 - When alcohol is rubbed on your body, it lowers...Ch. 21 - What happens to a helium-filled latex balloon...Ch. 21 - Which is denser, dry air or air saturated with...Ch. 21 - One container is filled with helium gas and...Ch. 21 - Daltons law of partial pressures states that the...Ch. 21 - (a) How many atoms of helium gas fill a spherical...Ch. 21 - A cylinder contains a mixture of helium and argon...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3PCh. 21 - In an ultrahigh vacuum system (with typical...Ch. 21 - A spherical balloon of volume 4.00 103 cm3...Ch. 21 - A spherical balloon of volume V contains helium at...Ch. 21 - A 2.00-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a...Ch. 21 - Oxygen, modeled as an ideal gas, is in a container...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9PCh. 21 - The rms speed of an oxygen molecule (O2) in a...Ch. 21 - A 5.00-L vessel contains nitrogen gas at 27.0C and...Ch. 21 - A 7.00-L vessel contains 3.50 moles of gas at a...Ch. 21 - In a period of 1.00 s, 5.00 1023 nitrogen...Ch. 21 - In a constant-volume process, 209 J of energy is...Ch. 21 - A sample of a diatomic ideal gas has pressure P...Ch. 21 - Review. A house has well-insulated walls. It...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-mol sample of hydrogen gas is healed at...Ch. 21 - A vertical cylinder with a heavy piston contains...Ch. 21 - Calculate the change in internal energy of 3.00...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-L insulated bottle is full of tea at 90.0C....Ch. 21 - Review. This problem is a continuation of Problem...Ch. 21 - A certain molecule has f degrees of freedom. Show...Ch. 21 - In a crude model (Fig. P21.23) of a rotating...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? A team...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25PCh. 21 - A 2.00-mol sample of a diatomic ideal gas expands...Ch. 21 - During the compression stroke of a certain...Ch. 21 - How much work is required to compress 5.00 mol of...Ch. 21 - Air in a thundercloud expands as it rises. If its...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? A new...Ch. 21 - During the power stroke in a four-stroke...Ch. 21 - Air (a diatomic ideal gas) at 27.0C and...Ch. 21 - A 4.00-L sample of a diatomic ideal gas with...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.34PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.35PCh. 21 - Fifteen identical particles have various speeds:...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.37PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.38PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.39PCh. 21 - Consider a container of nitrogen gas molecules at...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.41PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.42PCh. 21 - The law of atmospheres states that the number...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.44APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.45APCh. 21 - The dimensions of a classroom are 4.20 m 3.00 m ...Ch. 21 - The Earths atmosphere consists primarily of oxygen...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.48APCh. 21 - An air rifle shoots a lead pellet by allowing high...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.50APCh. 21 - A certain ideal gas has a molar specific heat of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.52APCh. 21 - Review. Oxygen at pressures much greater than 1...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.54APCh. 21 - Model air as a diatomic ideal gas with M = 28.9...Ch. 21 - Review. As a sound wave passes through a gas, the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.57APCh. 21 - In a cylinder, a sample of an ideal gas with...Ch. 21 - As a 1.00-mol sample of a monatomic ideal gas...Ch. 21 - A sample consists of an amount n in moles of a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.61APCh. 21 - A vessel contains 1.00 104 oxygen molecules at...Ch. 21 - A pitcher throws a 0.142-kg baseball at 47.2 m/s....Ch. 21 - The latent heat of vaporization for water at room...Ch. 21 - A sample of a monatomic ideal gas occupies 5.00 L...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.66APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.67APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.68APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.69APCh. 21 - On the PV diagram for an ideal gas, one isothermal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.71APCh. 21 - Review, (a) H it has enough kinetic energy, a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.73APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74CPCh. 21 - A cylinder is closed at both ends and has...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- 1. (a) What is the average kinetic energy in joules of a hydrogen atom on the 5500 °C surface of the Sun? The Boltzmann's constant is k=1.38×10-23 J/K J KE av (b) What is the average kinetic energy of a helium atom in a region of the solar corona where the temperature is 6 x 105⁰K? KE Fav Jarrow_forwardThe average thermal energy for a mono-atomic gas is: (kB is Boltzmann constant and T, absolute temperature) kBT kBT kBTarrow_forwardA proton, which is the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, can be modeled as a sphere with a diameter of 2.4 fm and a mass of 1.67 10-27 kg.Densities of Some Common Substances at Standard Temperature (0°C) and Pressure (Atmospheric) Substance ρ (kg/m3) Substance ρ (kg/m3) Air 1.29 Iron 7.86 ✕ 103 Air (at 20°C andatmospheric pressure) 1.20 Lead 11.3 ✕ 103 Aluminum 2.70 ✕ 103 Mercury 13.6 ✕ 103 Benzene 0.879 ✕ 103 Nitrogen gas 1.25 Brass 8.4 ✕ 103 Oak 0.710 ✕ 103 Copper 8.92 ✕ 103 Osmium 22.6 ✕ 103 Ethyl alcohol 0.806 ✕ 103 Oxygen gas 1.43 Fresh water 1.00 ✕ 103 Pine 0.373 ✕ 103 Glycerin 1.26 ✕ 103 Platinum 21.4 ✕ 103 Gold 19.3 ✕ 103 Seawater 1.03 ✕ 103 Helium gas 1.79 ✕ 10−1 Silver 10.5 ✕ 103 Hydrogen gas 8.99 ✕ 10−2 Tin 7.30 ✕ 103 Ice 0.917 ✕ 103 Uranium 19.1 ✕ 103 (a) Determine the density of the proton.kg/m3arrow_forward
- Assume that the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is valid in a gas of atomic hydrogen. What is the relative number of atoms in the ground state and first excited state at 293 K (room temperature), 5000 K (the temperature at the surface of a star), and 106 K (a temperature in the interior of a star)?arrow_forward1. (a) What is the average kinetic energy in joules of a hydrogen atom on the 5500 °C surface of the Sun? The Boltzmann's constant is k=1.38×10-28 J/K KE av: J (b) What is the average kinetic energy of a helium atom in a region of the solar corona where the temperature is 6 ×105°K? KE av: Jarrow_forwardIn a certain physical system, there are two energy states available to a particle: the ground state with energy E₁ = 0 eV, and the excited state with energy E₂ = 1.5 eV. The system is in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T = 300 K. Calculate the Gibbs factor (also known as the Boltzmann factor) for the excited state . Give your answer to two decimal places.arrow_forward
- An atom of iron has a radius of 156. pm and the average orbital speed of the electrons in it is about ×5.7*10^7 m/s. Calculate the least possible uncertainty in a measurement of the speed of an electron in an atom of iron. Write your answer as a percentage of the average speed, and round it to 2 significant digits.arrow_forwardQUESTION 17 Consider a simple harmonic oscillator with W = 3 x 10+" Hz. At a temperature of 321 K, what is the average internal energy of a single harmonic oscillator in Joules? QUESTION 18 Consider a simple harmonic oscillator with W = 3 x 10+" Hz. At a temperature of 374 K, what is the Helmholtz energy of a single harmonic oscillator in Joules?arrow_forwardAt what temperature would the rms speed of helium atoms equal a. the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 m/s b. the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 m/s? Note: The mass of a helium atom is 6.64 x 10-27 kg and the Boltzmann’s constant isarrow_forward
- In this problem, you will calculate the center of mass of two molecules. For each molecule, draw a picture. Clearly indicate the origin of your coordinate system, the locations of the atoms, and the location of the center of mass. Consult a periodic table to find the masses of the atoms. (a) Electron diffraction experiments reveal that the distance between the centers of the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atoms in a carbon monoxide molecule is about 1.100 x 10-10 m. Where is the center of mass of a CO molecule? (b) In an ammonia molecule (NH3), the atoms are arranged in a pyramid.* The three hydrogen atoms (H) form an equilateral triangle at the base of a pyramid. The distance between the centers of the hydrogen atoms is 1.628 x 10-10 m; thus, the center of the triangle is 9.399 x 10-"m from each hydrogen atom. The nitrogen atom (N) sits at the apex of the pyramid. The distance between the center of the nitrogen atom and any hydrogen atom is 1.014 x 10-10 m. Where is the center of mass of…arrow_forwardIf the electrons gain this energy by collision between hydrogen atoms in a high temperature gas, find the minimum temperature of the heated hydrogen gas. The thermal energy of the heated atoms is given by 3 kB T 2, where the Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K. Answer in units of K.arrow_forwardRecall from Section 14.3 that the average kinetic energy of an atom in a monatomic ideal gas is given by KE=(3/2)kT, where k = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K and T is the Kelvin temperature of the gas. Determine the de Broglie wavelength of a helium atom (mass = 6.65 x 10-27 kg) that has the average kinetic energy at room temperature (292 K). Number i 7.38E-11 Units marrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning