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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The effect of temperature decrease on the activity of a typical non-digestive human enzyme has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Most of the enzymes exhibit a narrow maximum activity over a narrow
(b)
Interpretation: The effect of temperature decrease on the activity of a typical non-digestive human enzyme has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Most of the enzymes exhibit a narrow maximum activity over a narrow
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Chapter 21 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC,+BIO.CHEM.-MINDTAP
- Which of the following can be used to treat phenylketonuria? Select one: O a. a diet rich in phenylalanine-rich protein. O b. frequent administrations of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme O c. both A and B O d. Neither A or B s pagearrow_forwardBile Salts are: a. a mixture of amphipathic molecules which emulsify fatty acids in the small intestine b. enzymes present in saliva that digest proteins into amino acids c. made by the liver and secreted from the gall bladder into the duodenum d. enzymes that digest “dietary fiber” (cellulose) in the esophagus e. enzymes present in saliva that make bread taste sweet after chewingarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the Michaelis Menten constant (Km) is correct......A. can be determined by plotting the data v/[S] against 1/[S] B. A large Km indicates a low affinity between the enzyme and the substrate C. A large Km means that a large concentration of substrate is needed for the enzyme to work D. is a measure of the affinity of enzymes for proteins, minerals and vitamins E. Small Km means that a large concentration of substrate is needed for the enzyme to workarrow_forward
- What is the consequence of complete inhibition of all mutases in liver cells?a. Liver cannot provide free glucose to maintain blood glucose levelsb. Free glucose cannot be released from glycogenc. Glycerol cannot be converted to glucosed. The only fate of glucose-6-phosphate is to be converted to fructose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardWhich statements are true of an inhibitor that binds the active site of an enzyme? Select all that apply, there may be one correct answer or several. a These inhibitors are a kind of allosteric regulator that decreases enzyme activity. b Adding more substrate can reduce the effect of these inhibitors. c These inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme. d These inhibitors increase the rate of enzyme activity. e These inhibitors function by changing the shape of the enzyme, stopping if from binding to substrate.arrow_forwardThe catalytic activity of enzymes depends on the presence of appropriate environmental conditions. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the stomach and facilitates the digestion of large proteins. If pepsin is removed from this acidic environment of the stomach and is instead placed in a more basic environment, it will cease to function. Describe the specific effect that a change in environmental pH will have on pepsin and explain how this change can lead to inhibition of its catalytic activity. Respond in 4 to 6 complete sentences.arrow_forward
- During stressful situations, some cells in the body convertglycogen to glucose. What effect does this conversion haveon cellular osmotic balance? Explain how cells handle thissituation.arrow_forwardMatch the following: a. Stimulates milk production 1. Transport protein b. Controls carbohydrate mechanism 2. Structural protein c. Decreases urine production 3. Catalytic protein d. Hemoglobin belongs to this class 4. Storage protein e. Protein that acts as enzyme 5. Vasopressin f. Nerve impulse transmission 6. Insulin g. Keratin belongs to this class 7. Rhodopsin n. Gliadin and casein 8. Oxytocinarrow_forwardWhich statement below is false about the probability of the absorption of a weak base from the following data? pka 4.5, stomach pH 2.5, small intestine pH 7.5. O the substance will be mostly ionized in stomach O the substance will be mostly non-ionized in the intestine the substance can be absorbed both in stomach and small intestine O the ratio of ionized and non-ionized substance will not favor absorption in stomach the ratio of ionized and non-ionized substance will favor absorption in intestinearrow_forward
- Exstatin is an intrinsically disordered protein that is an inhibitor of another enzyme. Phosphorylation of exstatin enhances its affinity for, and therefore its inhibitory effect on exampain. Explain what changes phosphorylation would have on exstatin and how those changes could result in the enhanced affinity for binding to exampain.arrow_forwardEmanuel's body metabolizes caffeine at a rate of 14.4% per hour (so the amount of caffeine in Emanuel's body decreases by 14.4% each hour). a. If Emanuel consumes a cup of coffee with 86 mg of caffeine in it, how long will it take for Emanuel's body to metabolize half of the 86 mg of caffeine? hours Preview b. If Emanuel consumes an energy drink with 210 mg of caffeine in it, how long will it take for Emanuel's body to metabolize half of the 210 mg of caffeine? hours Preview c. If Emanuel consumes a cup of coffee with c mg of caffeine in it, how long will it take for Emanuel's body to metabolize half of the c mg of caffeine? (Hint: Your answer will be a numerical value.) hours Previewarrow_forwardDefine the following terms:a. cytochromeb. glycerol phosphate shuttlec. malate-aspartate shuttled. uncoupling proteine. oligomycinarrow_forward
- Essentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:CengageHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
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