An air rifle shoots a lead pellet by allowing high pressure air to expand, propelling the pellet down the rifle barrel. Because this process happens very quickly, no appreciable thermal
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update, 9th Loose-leaf Version + WebAssign Printed Access Card, Multi-Term
- When a gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, which of the following statements is true? (a) The temperature of the gas does not change. (b) No work is done by the gas. (c) No energy is transferred to the gas by heat. (d) The internal energy of the gas does not change. (e) The pressure increases.arrow_forwardIf a gas is compressed isothermally, which of the following statements is true? (a) Energy is transferred into the gas by heat. (b) No work is done on the gas. (c) The temperature of the gas increases. (d) The internal energy of the gas remains constant. (e) None of those statements is true.arrow_forwardOne mole of an ideal gas does 3 000 J of work on its surroundings as it expands isothermally to a final pressure of 1.00 atm and volume of 25.0 L. Determine (a) the initial volume and (b) the temperature of the gas.arrow_forward
- An ideal gas initially at 300 K undergoes an isobaric expansion at 2.50 kPa. If the volume increases from 1.00 m3 to 3.00 m3 and 12.5 kJ is transferred to the gas by heat, what are (a) the change in its internal energy and (b) its final temperature?arrow_forwardThe arrow OA in the PV diagram shown in Figure OQ22.11 represents a reversible adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas. The same sample of gas, starting from the same state O. now undergoes an adiabatic free expansion to the same final volume. What point on the diagram could represent the final state of the gas? (a) the same point A as for the reversible expansion (b) point B (c) point C (d) any of those choices (e) none of those choicesarrow_forwardA 2.00-mol sample of a diatomic ideal gas expands slowly and adiabatically from a pressure of 5.00 atm and a volume of 12.0 L to a final volume of 30.0 L. (a) What is the final pressure of the gas? (b) What are the initial and final temperatures? Find (c) Q, (d) Eint, and (e) W for the gas during this process.arrow_forward
- In Figure P19.22, the change in internal energy of a gas that is taken from A to C along the blue path is +800 J. The work done on the gas along the red path ABC is 500 J. (a) How much energy must be added to the system by heat as it goes from A through B to C? (b) If the pressure at point A is five times that of point C, what is the work done on the system in going from C to D? Figure P19.22 (c) What is the energy exchanged with the surroundings by heat as the gas goes from C to A along the green path? (d) If the change in internal energy in going from point D to point A is +500 J, how much energy must be added to the system by heat as it goes from point C to point D?arrow_forward(a) Determine the work done on a gas that expands from i to f as indicated in Figure P19.16. (b) What If? How much work is done on the gas if it is compressed from f to i along the same path? Figure P19.16arrow_forwardAn ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable piston on top of it. The piston has a mass of 8 000 g and an area of 5.00 cm2 and is free to slide up and down, keeping the pressure of the gas constant. How much work is done on the gas as the temperature of 0.200 mol of the gas is raised from 20.0C to 300C?arrow_forward
- Air (a diatomic ideal gas) at 27.0C and atmospheric pressure is drawn into a bicycle pump (Figure P17.53) that has a cylinder with an inner diameter of 2.50 cm and length 50.0 cm. The downstroke adiabatically compresses the air, which reaches a gauge pressure of 8.00 105 Pa before entering the tire. We wish to investigate the temperature increase of the pump. (a) What is the initial volume of the air in the pump? (b) What is the number of moles of air in the pump? (c) What is the absolute pressure of the compressed air? (d) What is the volume of the compressed air? (e) What is the temperature of the compressed air? (f) What is the increase in internal energy of the gas during the compression? What If? The pump is made of steel that is 2.00 mm thick. Assume 4.00 cm of the cylinders length is allowed to come to thermal equilibrium with the air. (g) What is the volume of steel in this 4.00-cm length? (h) What is the mass of steel in this 4.00-cm length? (i) Assume the pump is compressed once. After the adiabatic expansion, conduction results in the energy increase in part (f) being shared between the gas and the 4.00-cm length of steel. What will be the increase in temperature of the steel after one compression? Figure P17.53arrow_forwardIn an engine, 0.25 mol of an ideal monatomic gas in the cylinder expands rapidly and adiabatically against the piston. In the process, the temperature of the gas drops from 1150 K to 400 K. How much work does the gas do?arrow_forwardThe work done by Six moles of a monatomic ideal gas (y = 5/3) in expanding adiabatically is 870 J. The initial temperature and volume of the gas are 390 K and 0.200 m3. What is the final temperature of the gas.arrow_forward
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