Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The name and structural formula of the functional group that defines
Concept introduction:
A functional group is a group of atoms that are responsible for characteristic reactions associated with a compound. The oxidation of
(b)
Interpretation:
The reactants and the products in an esterification reaction in words are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The esterification reaction is the reaction between the alcohol and carboxylic acid to form an ester. The water molecule is eliminated in the reaction and ester linkage is formed between the carboxylic acid and alcohol. In the ester, the carboxyl carbon can be bonded to hydrogen or alkyl group but the oxygen of the carboxyl group must be bonded to an alkyl group.
(c)
Interpretation:
The possible carboxylic acid or ester isomers of
Concept introduction:
Structural isomers are the compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structure. In structural isomers, the arrangement of atoms is different.
The oxidation of aldehyde and ketone result in the formation of carboxylic acid. The general formula of carboxylic acid is
Ester also consists of a carboxyl group in its structure. In ester, the carboxyl carbon can be bonded to hydrogen or alkyl group but the oxygen of the carboxyl group must be bonded to an alkyl group. The general formula of the esters is
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 21 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- Draw the condensed structure of the compounds formedby condensation reactions between (a) benzoic acid andethanol, (b) ethanoic acid and methylamine, (c) acetic acidand phenol. Name the compound in each case.arrow_forwardIdentify which of the following statement(s) is/are true. (f) Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters all contain a carbonyl group. (g) A compound with the molecular formula of C3H6O may be either an aldehyde, a ketone, or a carboxylic acid. (h) Bond angles about the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an ester are all approximately 109.5°. (i) The molecular formula of the smallest aldehyde is C3H6O, and that of the smallest ketone is also C3H6O. (j) The molecular formula of the smallest carboxylic acid is C2H4O2.arrow_forwardDraw the organic product formed when the following compounds undergo a substitution reaction: (a) acetic acid and 1-hexanol; (b) propanoic acid and dimethyl-amine; (c) ethanoic acid and diethylamine.arrow_forward
- MTBE, Methyl tert-butyl ether, CH3OC(CH3)3, is used as an oxygen source in oxygenated gasolines. MTBE is manufactured by reacting 2-methylpropene with methanol.(a) Using Lewis structures, write the chemical equation representing the reaction.(b) What volume of methanol, density 0.7915 g/mL, is required to produce exactly 1000 kg of MTBE, assuming a 100% yield?arrow_forwardThe foul odor of rancid butter is caused by butyric acid, CH3CH2CH2CO2H.(a) Draw the Lewis structure and determine the oxidation number and hybridization for each carbon atom in the molecule.(b) The esters formed from butyric acid are pleasant-smelling compounds found in fruits and used in perfumes. Draw the Lewis structure for the ester formed from the reaction of butyric acid with 2-propanol.arrow_forward(b) Differentiate between bioethanol and biodiesel.arrow_forward
- TRUE OR FALSE (a) A functional group is a group of atoms in an organic molecule that undergoes a predictable set of chemical reactions. (b) The functional group of an alcohol, an aldehyde, and a ketone have in common the fact that each contains a single oxygen atom. (c) A primary alcohol has one —OH group, a secondary alcohol has two —OH groups, and a tertiary alcohol has three —OH groups. (d) There are two alcohols with the molecular formula C3H8O. (e) There are three amines with the molecular formula C3H9N. (f) Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters all contain a carbonyl group. (g) A compound with the molecular formula of C3H6O may be either an aldehyde, a ketone, or a carboxylic acid. (h) Bond angles about the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an ester are all approximately 109.5°. (i) The molecular formula of the smallest aldehyde is C3H6O, and that of the smallest ketone is also C3H6O. (j) The molecular formula of the smallest carboxylic…arrow_forwardDefine ketones, acid halides, esters, amides, and carboxylic acids ?arrow_forwardThe ester with the formula C8H16O2 gives an alcohol and an acid when hydrolyzed. When the alcohol is isolated and oxidized, it forms a ketone. Which of these formulas cannot be the ester?arrow_forward
- Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly used as a fuel.(a) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane gas.(b) Calculate the volume of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atmosphere that is needed to completely combust 25.0 grams of propane. Assume that air is 21.0 percent O2 by volume. (Hint:use the information that 1.00 L of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atm contains 0.275 g of O2 per liter.)(c) The heat of combustion of propane is −2,219.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of formation, ΔH°f of propane given that ΔH°f of H2O(l) = −285.8 kJ/mol and ΔH°f of CO2(g) = −393.5 kJ/mol. (d) Assuming that all of the heat released in burning 25.0 grams of propane is transferred to 4.00 kilograms of water, calculate the increase in temperature of the water.arrow_forwardThere are two different butanoic acids with the formula C5H10O2. Draw and name them.arrow_forwardDraw the condensed structural formula for a carboxylic acid that has the formula C6H12O2, with no substituents.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning