ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260406092
Author: HARTWELL, Leland, HOOD, Leroy, Goldberg, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education/stony Brook University
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 35P
Predict the DNA sequences at the four nodes (branching points) on the cladogram in Fig. 21.18b.
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Can you please do both of the part to this question, part 1 filling the cart and part 2 drawing the Cladogram
Part 1: Produce a character matrix for the fish.
Note:Depending on how you define the fins on the ventral side of the fish you could have 9 characters or 10 characters - if you define it as a numerical character with states 0,1,2 you would have 9 characters total. If you define the fins as two separate binary characters ( a pelvic fin and an anal fin) you will have 10 characters. We recommend doing it as two separate characters: Anal fin (presence/absence) and pelvic fin (presence/absence).
Character
OG1
OG2
SpA
SpB
SpC
SpD
SpE
Part 2: Construct the Cladogram for the fish using your Character matrix
Construct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa. Be sure to map each of the character states for every taxon represented in the character matrix. See tips below to help get you started. You can insert a photo of a hand drawn cladogram or create one on your device. Keep in mind that cladograms are hypotheses, there are many different cladograms that can be constructed.
a) Which characteristics were identified as homoplasies on your cladogram?
b)
Construct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa. Be sure to map each of the character states for every taxon represented in the character matrix. See tips below to help get you started. You can insert a photo of a hand drawn cladogram or create one on your device. Keep in mind that cladograms are hypotheses, there are many different cladograms that can be constructed.
a) Which characteristics were identified as homoplasies on your cladogram?
b) Now that your tree has been constructed, how confident do you feel in your hypothesis and why?
Chapter 21 Solutions
ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
Ch. 21 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 21 - When an allele is dominant, why does it not always...Ch. 21 - A population with an allele frequency p of 0.5 and...Ch. 21 - In a certain population of frogs, 120 are green,...Ch. 21 - Which of the following populations are at...Ch. 21 - A dominant mutation in Drosophila called Delta...Ch. 21 - A large, random mating population is started with...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Alkaptonuria is a recessive autosomal genetic...Ch. 21 - Two hypothetical lizard populations found on...
Ch. 21 - It is the year 1998, and the men and women sailors...Ch. 21 - a. Alleles of genes on the X chromosome can also...Ch. 21 - In 1927, the ophthalmologist George Waaler tested...Ch. 21 - The equation p2 2pq q2> = 1 representing the...Ch. 21 - A gene has two alleles A frequency = p and a...Ch. 21 - Some people can taste the bitter compound...Ch. 21 - Androgenetic alopecia pattern baldness is a...Ch. 21 - The following figure shows the FBI-style analysis...Ch. 21 - Why is the elimination of a fully recessive...Ch. 21 - Tristan da Cunha is a group of small islands in...Ch. 21 - Small population size causes genetic drift because...Ch. 21 - Three basic predictions underlie genetic drift in...Ch. 21 - A mouse mutation with incomplete dominance t =...Ch. 21 - In Drosophila, the vestigial wings recessive...Ch. 21 - In a population of infinite size, three loci A, B,...Ch. 21 - You have identified an autosomal gene that...Ch. 21 - In Europe, the frequency of the CF allele causing...Ch. 21 - An allele of the G6PD gene acts in a recessive...Ch. 21 - Explain why evolutionary biologists monitor...Ch. 21 - Tiny foxes live on the Channel Islands off the...Ch. 21 - What is the most straightforward evidence at the...Ch. 21 - In March 2013, the American Journal of Human...Ch. 21 - If you go back 40 generations into your biological...Ch. 21 - In Fig. 21.17, to what part of the world does...Ch. 21 - Predict the DNA sequences at the four nodes...Ch. 21 - A cladogram not drawn to scale for the taxonomic...Ch. 21 - As noted in Fig. 21.22, humans now living in...Ch. 21 - As of this writing in 2016, no Neanderthal-derived...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Using the picture below of the triangles and pentagon answer this question: 2.a) Identify potential Synapomorphies aka "Shared Derived Characters": To pick informative characters, look for things that are shared between two or more members of the ingroup. Give a DETAILED description of each of the characters you are going to use. This is important, as often two characters are very similar (see example on the next page). Remember, they should be binary (i.e., one of two states--black or white, two eyes or four eyes). They should not be subjective (i.e., long vs. short). You can always identify the ancestral state of your character by asking if the outgroup shows the character of interest. Answer this completely and correctly. Do not use previous answers/versions of answers.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardgive a cladogram with the following: dog, bird, fish, mango, and mahoganyarrow_forward
- Based on chapter 5 of our textbook, shared derived traits are not very helpful in constructing cladograms. Group of answer choices True Falsearrow_forwardA cladogram used in a comparison of morphology among taxa had equal length branches, but when looked at in a blast webpage using the given gene sequence, the branches all had different lengths. Why is that?arrow_forwardWhat does a cladogram tell us?arrow_forward
- DNA sequences CGCCTAGTCA Strain 1 TCCCTACT CG Strain 2 ATCCTATAAC Strain 3. GACCTAAGCT Strain 4 Strain 2 = Strain 3 = 40 Strain 4 = 50 60 70 d Please use the above figure for the following question. If no figure appears, please use Figure 4. Fill in the blanks by writing the letter of the location where each of the strains belongs in the cladogram. Strain 1 = Percent Relatedness barrow_forwardwhat is a major problem with morphologically based analysis of wale placement in a phylogenetic tree ?arrow_forwardIn a cladistics analysis, what would be considered to be a “good” character. Provide an example of a “good” and a “bad” character to use in this type of analysisarrow_forward
- Count the instances where there is any difference in the amino acid in the alignment of the six sequences and write that number below. Did you find any clades in this alignment? Describe your results. You must describe in detail the relationships between the sequences in this tree. Describe in detail how this combined tree changed the relationships between the sequences in comparison to the two separate trees that you created in the previous section abovearrow_forwardWhat is a major problem with morphologically-based analysis of whale placement in a phylogenetic tree? Paragraph Lato (Recom...v BI U 19px *** 7 A/ =EQ Marrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion Approximately 1 out of every 10,000 Caucasians in the USA are born with the recessive disease cystic fibrosis. If this trait is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, approximately how many people are carriers?arrow_forward
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