Chapter 21, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of product formed by the reaction of diethyl malonate with each of the reagents is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of diethyl malonate with sodium ethoxide and alkyl halide results in the formation of alkylated malonate ester.

Sodium ethoxide extract $\text{α}$-hydrogen atom present between the two carbonyl groups and generate negative charge on carbon atom. It acts as a nucleophile and attacks the alkyl part of alkyl halide and form alkylated malonate ester.

The basic hydrolysis of ester involves cleavage of $-\text{O}-\text{R}$

bond and formation of carboxylic acid and alcohol. The decarboxylation of compound involves removal of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$.