Chapter 21, Problem 56PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron with drawing and electron donating groups are should be drawn and identified for the given corresponding statements by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Ortho and Para direction: The organic reaction involved for many direction groups, for example the methyl group is an ortho, para directing group, this groups are electron donation groups, further the meta directing groups are electron with drawing groups.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of $\text{π}$-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water.

Esterification reaction: This type of conversion reaction involved aliphatic, aromatic carboxylic acid to different esters using mineral acids (like $dil.HCl,dil.H_{2}S{O}_4$) and alcohols Fisher Esterification. The equal amount of carboxylic acid is treated with alcohols in presence of acid catalyst conditions to give target ester along with water. This type of conversion called as Fisher Esterification.