MICROECONOMICS (CUSTOMIZED CHAPTERS + C
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781307215267
Author: McConnell
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 21, Problem 5DQ
To determine
Economies of scale and merger of firms.
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6. The accompanying diagram shows the demand, marginal revenue, and marginal cost of a monopolist. (LO1, LO3, LO5)
a. Determine the profit-maximizing output and price.
b. What price and output would prevail if this firm’s product were sold by price-taking
firms in a perfectly competitive market?
c. Calculate the deadweight loss of this monopoly.
8. The elasticity of demand for a firm’s product is –2.5 and its advertising elasticity of demand is 0.2. (LO8)
a. Determine the firm’s optimal advertising-to-sales ratio.
b. If the firm’s revenues are $40,000, what is its profit-maximizing level of advertising?
Use the accompanying graph to answer the questions that follow. (LO1, LO2) a. Suppose this monopolist is unregulated. (1) What price will the firm charge to maximize its profits? (2) What is the level of consumer surplus at this price? b. Suppose the firm’s price is regulated at $80. (1) What is the firm’s marginal revenue if it produces 7 units? (2) If the firm is able to cover its variable costs at the regulated price, how much output will the firm produce in the short run to maximize its profits? (3) In the long run, how much output will this firm produce if the price remains regulated at $80?
1.Briefly state the basic characteristics of pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Under which of these market classifications does each of the following most accurately fit? (a) a supermarket in your hometown; (b) the steel industry; (c) a Kansas wheat farm; (d) the commercial bank in which you or your family has an account; (e) the automobile industry. In each case, justify your classification. LO1
Chapter 21 Solutions
MICROECONOMICS (CUSTOMIZED CHAPTERS + C
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- 11 21. Imagine an N firm oligopoly for "nominally differentiated" goods. That is, each of the N firms produces a product that "looks" different from the products of its competitors, but that "really" isn't any different. However, each firm is able to fool some of the buying public. Specifically, each of the N firms (which are identical and have zero marginal cost of production) has a captive market -consumers who will buy only from that firm. The demand generated by each of these captive markets is given by the demand function Pn A- Xn , where Xn is the amount supplied to this captive market and Pn is the price of the production of firm n. There is also a group of intelligent consumers who realize that the products are really undifferentiated. These…arrow_forwardSuppose we have another firm known as the Sanda Corporation which makes a product known as "Delgados". Suppose that its FC=$2,000 and its TC=$5,000 and its AVC=$48. What is the ATC? O $20.50 O $70 O $80 O $100 O Not enough informationarrow_forwardTeletronics reported record profits of $100,000 last year and is on track to exceed those profits this year. Teletronics competes in a very competitive market where many of the firms are merging in an attempt to gain competitive advantages. Currently, the company’s top manager is compensated with a fixed salary that does not include any performance bonuses. Explain why this manager might nonetheless have a strong incentive to maximize the firm’s profits. (LO4, LO5)arrow_forward
- As the manager of a monopoly, you face potential government regulation. Your inversedemand is P = 40 − 2Q, and your costs are C(Q) = 8Q. (LO1, LO2, LO6)a. Determine the monopoly price and output.arrow_forwardQuestion 1.Assume there are only two art auction companies who account for 100% of all the sales of 19thCentury impressionist master work paintings in the world. Assume that each company buys thiskind of painting and then resells the paintings at monthly auctions. Ignoring the question of anylaws that might apply, describe what economic arrangement would maximize the twocompanies’ total profits? Show with supply and demand curves what profit they would makefrom this arrangement and what societal welfare loss, if any, results from it.arrow_forward5. (a) Assume that two firms A and B are in different industries (like computer software and computer hardware). What impact will a merger between these two firms have on the number of firms in each industry after the merger? Please give an explanation. (b) Current automobile companies are facing a shortage of computers chips used in cars to run various parts of the car, and therefore supply of cars has decreased since a necessary part(s) is not available. If an auto company like General Motors (GM) decided to buy a chip manufacturing company to ensure that it did not face a chip shortage in the future, would such a purchase lead to more concentration in either the auto industry or the chip-manufacturing industry? Please give an explanationexplanation.arrow_forward
- 9. Firms 1 and 2 are proposing to merge. They offer symmetrically differentiated products and have identical costs and, therefore, identical premerger prices. (Note that “symmetrically differentiated products” means that if they charge the same price, then they have the same demand.) The common premerger price for firms 1 and 2 is $90, and the common marginal cost is $60. If firm 1 were to raise its price to $100, we know that its demand would drop by 20 units and firm 2’s demand would rise by 5 units. a. Assume the merger would reduce marginal cost by 10 percent. Using UPP, is there reason to be concerned with the merger? b. Suppose the prospective merger partners want to convince the DOJ that the merger will not raise price. Using UPP, how large must they argue the efficiency is? c. Suppose there are improved estimates of firms’ demand functions and now we know that if firm 1 were to raise its price to $100, its demand would (still) drop by 20 units, but firm 2’s demand would rise by…arrow_forwardSuppose you are one of two producers of aluminium. You (firm 1) and your competitor (firm 2) announce simultaneously the quantities Q1 and Q2 (in tonnes) and earn the profits Q1*P(Q) and Q2*P(Q), respectively, where P(Q) = 50 – Q is the market price per tonne of aluminium and Q = Q1 + Q2 is the total output. Assume, for simplicity, that there are no production costs. a) Can the collusive agreement to produce Q1 = Q2 = 12 tons of aluminium be sustained in a Nash equilibrium of the one-shot game? Explain your answer. b) What is your best response, when firm 2 chooses to produce Q2 = 14 tonnes? Does Q2 = 14 and your best response to it form part of a Nash equilibrium? Explain.…arrow_forwardSuppose you are one of two producers of aluminium. You (firm 1) and your competitor (firm 2) announce simultaneously the quantities Q1 and Q2 (in tonnes) and earn the profits Q1*P(Q) and Q2*P(Q), respectively, where P(Q) = 50 – Q is the market price per tonne of aluminium and Q = Q1 + Q2 is the total output. Assume, for simplicity, that there are no production costs. a) Can the collusive agreement to produce Q1 = Q2 = 12 tons of aluminium be sustained in a Nash equilibrium of the one-shot game? Explain your answer. c) Find all pure strategy Nash equilibria when both firms simultaneously announce prices from the set {0,1,…,10} instead of quantities and only the firm with the lowest price p sells 50 - p tonnes (half of this amount when both firms…arrow_forward
- Newfoundland’s fishing industry has recently declined sharply due to overfish- ing, even though fishing companies were supposedly bound by a quota agree- ment. If all fishermen had abided by the agreement, yields could have been maintained at high levels. LO4 Model this situation as a prisoner’s dilemma in which the players are Company A and Company B and the strategies are to keep the quota and break the quota. Include appropriate payoffs in the matrix. Explain why overfishing is inevitable in the absence of effective enforcement of the quota agreement. Provide another environmental example of a prisoner’s dilemma. In many potential prisoner’s dilemmas, a way out of the dilemma for a would-be cooperator is to make reliable character judgments about the trustworthiness of potential partners. Explain why this solution is not avail- able in many situations involving degradation of the environment.arrow_forward10-3 Explain why predicting oligopoly behavior is so difficult6. (Price Leadership) Why might a price-leadership model of oligopoly not be an effective means of collusion in an oligopoly?arrow_forwardConsider a market of 6 firms that compete through production. Demand is given as P = 220 – 2Q. Each firm has a marginal cost of $20. a. What will be the equilibrium firm quantities, market price, and firm profits? b. Suppose two firms merge in this market to become a leader. What will be the new equilibrium firm quantities, market price, and firm profits? Was it profitable for the firms to merge into a leader? Note that n = 5 after the merger. c. Suppose another two firms merge to form a second leader in the market. What will be the new equilibrium firm quantities, market price, and firm profits? Was it profitable for the followers to merge into a co-leader? Note that n = 4 and L = 2 after the merger:arrow_forward
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