(a)
The work done on the lead block in the process.
(a)
Answer to Problem 77PQ
The work done on the lead block in the process is
Explanation of Solution
Given that the mass of the lead block is
Write the expression for the work done at constant pressure.
Here,
Write the expression for the change in the volume of lead block when its temperature changes.
Here,
Write the expression for the coefficient of volume expansion in terms of the coefficient of linear expansion.
Here,
Use expression (III) in (II).
Write the expression for the volume of the lead block in terms of its mass and density.
Here,
Use expression (V) in (IV).
Use expression (VI) in (I).
Conclusion:
Substitute
Therefore, the work done on the lead block when the temperature increases is
(b)
The amount of energy added to the block by heat in the process.
(b)
Answer to Problem 77PQ
The amount of energy added to the block by heat in the process is
Explanation of Solution
Write the expression for the heat added up into the block while heating.
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute
Therefore, the amount of energy added to the block by heat is
(c)
The change in the internal energy of the block during the process.
(c)
Answer to Problem 77PQ
The change in thermal energy of the block during the process is
Explanation of Solution
The change in thermal energy of the block is equal to the sum of heat added up to the system and the work done.
Write the expression for the change in thermal energy of the block.
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute
Therefore, the change in thermal energy of the block during the process is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Bundle: Physics For Scientists And Engineers: Foundations And Connections, Volume 1, Loose-leaf Version + Webassign Printed Access Card For Katz's ... And Connections, Single-term Courses
- From Table 21.1, the specific heat of milk is 3.93 103 J/ (kg K). and the specific heat of water is 4.19 103 J/(kg K). Suppose you wish to make a large mug (0.500 L) of hot chocolate. Each liquid is initially at 5.00C. and you need to raise their temperature to 80.0C. The density of milk is about 1.03 103 kg/m3, and the density of water is 1.00 103 kg/m3. a. How much heat must be transferred in each case? b. If you use a small electric hot plate that puts out 455 W, how long would it take to heat each liquid?arrow_forwardIn 1986, a gargantuan iceberg broke away from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. It was approximately a rectangle 160 km long, 40.0 km wide, and 250 m thick. (a) What is the mass of this iceberg, given that the density of ice is 917kg/m3 ? (b) How much heat transfer (in joules) is needed to melt it? (c) How many years would it take sunlight alone to melt ice this thick, if the ice absorbs an average of 100W/m2, 12.00 h per day?arrow_forward(a) Calculate the rate of heat transfer by radiation from a car radiator at 110C into a 50.0C environment, if the radiator has an emissivity of 0.750 and a 1.20m2 surface area. (b) Is this a significant fraction of the heat transfer by an automobile engine? To answer this, assume a horsepower of 200 hp (1.5 kW) and the efficiency of automobile engines as 25%.arrow_forward
- In an air conditioner, 12.65 MJ of heat transfer occurs from a cold environment in 1.00 h. (a) What mass of ice melting would involve the same heat transfer? (b) How many hours of operation would be equivalent to mailing 900 kg of ice? (c) If ice costs 20 cents per kg, do you think the air conditioner could be operated more cheaply than by simply using ice? Describe in detail how you evaluate the relative costs.arrow_forwardIn a cylinder of an automobile engine, immediately after combustion the gas is confined to a volume of 50.0 cm3 and has an initial pressure of 3.00 106 Pa. The piston moves outward to a final volume of 300 cm3, and the gas expands without energy transfer by heat, (a) What is the final pressure of the gas? (b) How much work is done by the gas in expanding?arrow_forwardA 25-g ice cube at 0.0C is heated. After it first melts, the temperature increases to the boiling point of water (100.0C), and the water then boils to form 25 g of water vapor at 100.0C. How much energy in total is added to the ice/water? Which process (melting, increasing temperature, or boiling) requires the most energy? Water has a latent heat of vaporization of 2.256 106 J/kg, a latent heat of fusion of 3.33 105 J/kg, and specific heat of 4190 J/(kg K).arrow_forward
- Case Study When a constant-volume thermometer is in thermal contact with a substance whose temperature is lower than the triple point of water, how does the right tube in Figure 19.22 need to be moved? Explain. FIGURE 19.22 1 Gas in the constant-volume gas thermometer is at Ti, and the mercury in the manometer is at height hi above the gasmercury boundary. 2 The thermometer is placed in thermal contact with an object, and its temperature increases. The increased temperature increases the gas volume. 3 By raising the right-hand tube of the mercury manometer, the gas volume is restored to its original size. The mercury is now at hi + h above the gasmercury boundary. This increase in height is a result of the increase in gas temperature and pressure.arrow_forwardA 2.00-mol sample of a diatomic ideal gas expands slowly and adiabatically from a pressure of 5.00 atm and a volume of 12.0 L to a final volume of 30.0 L. (a) What is the final pressure of the gas? (b) What are the initial and final temperatures? Find (c) Q, (d) Eint, and (e) W for the gas during this process.arrow_forwardIn Figure P19.22, the change in internal energy of a gas that is taken from A to C along the blue path is +800 J. The work done on the gas along the red path ABC is 500 J. (a) How much energy must be added to the system by heat as it goes from A through B to C? (b) If the pressure at point A is five times that of point C, what is the work done on the system in going from C to D? Figure P19.22 (c) What is the energy exchanged with the surroundings by heat as the gas goes from C to A along the green path? (d) If the change in internal energy in going from point D to point A is +500 J, how much energy must be added to the system by heat as it goes from point C to point D?arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax CollegePhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning