Concept explainers
Bacteria play major roles in both the oxidative and reductive sides of the sulfur cycle. Sulfur- and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria produce
Q If sulfur chemolithotrophs had never evolved, would there be a problem in the microbial cycling of sulfur compounds? What impact would coastal marine eutrophication have on microbial sulfur transformations?
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Brock Biology Of Microorganisms 15th.ed. I.e.
- . The photosynthetic process used by the green sulfur bacteria, under anaerobic conditions, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2Oarrow_forwardEnergy conservation in microorganisms can be highly diverse. Technically, any pair of electron donor (donates electrons and is oxidized) and electron acceptor (accepts electrons and is reduced) that forms a redox reaction with positive reduction potential can support microbial growth, although many of them have not been observed. Calculate how many moles of ATP can theoretically be generated from 1 mole of sulfur (So/SO4-) as the electron donor and nitrate as the electron acceptor (NO3-/N2).arrow_forwardA microorganism is grown in a fermenter under steady-state conditions. The microorganism growth follows Monod kinetics and the following stoichiometric equation: C3H6O3 +a O2 +b NH3 → c biomass + d CO2 + e H₂O Given that the biomass yield is 0.415 grams of biomass per gram of substrate, determine the respiratory quotient.arrow_forward
- Can you show in a diagram how sulfur is cycled (Sulfur cycle) in a water column (Winogradsky column) starting from sulfate? Please indicate the name of the important metabolic pathways and physiological groups involved.arrow_forwardt12 values for the degradation of chlorophyll-a in canned green beans heated at various temperatures Temperature ("C) t12 values (min) 105 22.6 115 4.2 125 1.2 Find out the z value for the degradation of chlorophyll-a in canned green beans at 105°- 125°C.arrow_forwardThe photosynthetic process used by the green sulfur bacteria, under anaerobic conditions, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? cell bio 6CO2 + 12H2S C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 12H2Oarrow_forward
- roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)arrow_forwardIn aerobic respiration, cells generate heat as they grow. The amount of heat generated by cells is proportional to the amount of oxygen they consume. Accordingly, it was found that 460 kJ is generated per gmol of O2 consumed. Suppose that you need to choose a fermenter for optimal growth of Bacillus subtilis cells. It is known that the maximum oxygen demand of B. subtilis is 100 mol m3 h1. A vendor offers you a reactor with a cylindrical shape (2.8 m in diameter) and 15 m³ volume. The reactor includes a cooling coil with 30 m length and a pipe diameter of 6 cm, through which. For practical purposes, power input by the rotating impeller inside the bioreactor can be neglected. Does this reactor meet the cooling requirements of your production process? Note: If you think you need more information than you are provided with here to solve this problem, use online resources to find the required information. In this case, please state your source clearly. Note: You may assume that the…arrow_forwardWhile bacteria can meet their nutrient needs and survive on acetic acid as a sole carbon source, human beings cannot. Provide a plausible explanation for this limitation in human beings.arrow_forward
- Inorganic Nitrate (N03-) contaminated the soil around their plant. Scientists developed mechanisms for removing Nitrite (N02-) from the soil, but have not found one for Nitrate (N03-). Is there any types of bacteria that could metabolize Nitrate (N03-) to give rise to Nitrite (N02-)? Indicate ALL metabolic pathways that could be used (aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, aerobic chemolithotrophy, and anaerobic chemolithotrophy) to carry out this reaction? Which of these reactions can oxidize or reduce inorganic materialsarrow_forwardIn the sediments at the bottoms of ponds and lakes, there is often absolutely no O2 at depths of 0.5 cm or more, even if the water above is rich in O2. How is this possible? (Do not put answer from chegg thanks).arrow_forwardYou grow cells from the same E. coli for 12 hours in two identical glucose-containing flasks under oxic conditions (Flask A) and anoxic conditions (Flask B). For each statement below, indicate (a) if it is an accurate statement, and (b) explain why. Observation i) Flask A will make more ATP ii) Flask B will have a higher amount of biomass Accurate Statement? Yes/No Yes/No Explain your choicearrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning