Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 11PIAT
How can natural selection on mouse color be measured?
Most mice living on the mainland of Florida are brown, but the mice that live on the sand dunes of the barrier islands have white fur (see Chapter 16). It is intuitive that the light color of beach-dwelling mice is an adaptation for blending into their environment–and thus evading predators. How can this hypothesis be tested?
Compare and contrast how evolution by inheritance of acquired characters and the theory of evolution by natural selection would explain the observation of white mice living on light soil and brown mice living on dark soil.
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There is some evidence that selection on white fur color in cats resulted in unintentional selection on hearing abilities. About 40% of white-furred, blue-eyed cats are also deaf. It turns out the gene responsible for pigmentation here also affects the fluid in the ear canals. This is most consistent with what phenomenon in genetics?
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An island of the Galápagos archipelago is home to a medium ground finch that subsists mainly by eating seeds. A severe drought struck the island. During the drought, plants produced fewer seeds, and the finches soon depleted the stock of small and soft seeds, leaving only large and hard seeds that were difficult to process. In this environment, finches with deeper beaks were more likely to survive and pass their advantageous traits to their offspring by means of the principle called the 'inheritance of acquired characteristics'.
Question 11 options:
A) True
B) False
You are examining a population of snakes in which 20% of the individuals exhibit the recessive phenotype for albinism. If albinism is exhibited only by the genotype aa, how many snakes out of a population of 100 would you expect to CARRY the albinism allele (so be Aa), but be normal color?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 22 - True or false? Some trails are considered...Ch. 22 - CAUTION Why does the presence of extinct forms and...Ch. 22 - 3. Trails that are derived from a common ancestor,...Ch. 22 - CAUTION How can evolutionary fitness be estimated?...Ch. 22 - 5. CAUTION According to data presented in this...Ch. 22 - Some biologists summarize evolution by natural...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 22 - SOCIETY Explain why the overprescription of...Ch. 22 - 9. The average height of humans in industrialized...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10TYPSS
Ch. 22 - How can natural selection on mouse color be...Ch. 22 - 12. CAUTION What is an evolutionary adaptation?
a....Ch. 22 - Apply Darwin’s four postulates to a population of...Ch. 22 - 14. PROCESS OF SCIENCE A team lead by evolutionary...Ch. 22 - Prob. 15PIATCh. 22 - 16. PROCESS OF SCIENCE When a statistical test was...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Is “Race” a valid biological way to categorize modern humans? Why or why not? How many biological races of humans are there in the world today? Populations of people in any given world region often share more phenotypic characteristics with each other than they do with people in populations in other world regions. Explain how evolutionary forces contributed to this phenomenon.arrow_forwardExplain how natural selection might be responsible for the PTC taster polymorphism.Why might some populations have a higher frequency of the taster allele than others?arrow_forwardWhy might some light-skinned populations, such as the Japanese, be missing the F374 allele for lighter skin pigmentation? (Hint: Consider the various forces of evolution that may be at play.)arrow_forward
- What is the evidence that the differences in skin color in populations around the world evolved by natural selection?arrow_forwardwhat is the evolutionary benefit for some mammals such as dogs that only see a small subset of the color spectrum?arrow_forwardAs you know chimpanzees in neighboring groups in the forest show 4-5 times as much genetic difference as any two human populations. Is it reasonable to expect that trait that show genetic variation in humans, such as the structure of the hand and the brain, might show significant variation between chimpanzee populations? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Green dragons are known by Knights of the Realm to be cleverer and thus more dangerous than both red and brown dragons. Molecular evolutionary alchemists working for the king have determined that a gene called FIZBAN has an average dN/dS (nonsynonymous rate/synonymous rate) ratio of 1.06 in green dragons, compared to 0.66 and 0.44 in red and brown dragons, respectively. What type of selection is this gene under in each dragon species? What type of trait might this gene contribute to? Give an evolutionary history of this gene in green dragons, including principles of population genetics in your answer.arrow_forwardWhat does the finding that the PTC taster polymorphism evolved independently in humans and chimpanzees suggest about the evolutionary forces responsible for the PTCtaster polymorphism? For example, does it suggest that natural selection might beinvolved? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardIdentifying genes like HMGA2 is important, because it is evidence of natural selection. How does it demonstrate that natural selection occurred in Darwin’s finches? Scientists mutate and modify the gene in the lab to see how changes might occur to the organism. Scientists identify different forms of the gene in individuals from the same species and observe how it shows up as a trait. Scientists study similar genes that also impact the same traits to see how they work together and influence one another. Scientists observe the frequency of the different forms of the gene and how it changes in response to the environment. Need some help on this one.arrow_forward
- Apply the VIDA table to the evolution of sickle cell disease to justify whether it is an instance of evolution by natural selection. Answer the following questions. Is there variation in this trait in the population? How exactly does it vary? Is the trait at least partly inherited? Is there selection for this trait in a particular environment? (What is the selective pressure? And how does a trait give an advantage or disadvantage in that environment?) What is the evidence that this trait makes organisms better adapted to their environment?arrow_forwardEvolution takes place through a combination of mechanisms at the level of populations. This process consists of a change in allele frequencies in a population over time. Consider the following scenario: You are observing a population of wild mice that has a dominant allele which produces white-colored fur, while the homozygous recessive alleles result in dark brown fur. Genetic studies have indicated that this gene for fur color follows Mendelian inheritance. Originally, the mice population was comprised of over 80% of white mice in a dark forest environment. As the local fox population increased, you noticed that there were fewer white mice and more brown-colored mice. By the end of your observation period of six months, you notice that brown-colored mice now make up over 60% of the total mice population. Based on this scenario, explain what force of evolution is at workarrow_forwardEvolution takes place through a combination of mechanisms at the level of populations. This process consists of a change in allele frequencies in a population over time. Consider the following scenario: You are observing a population of wild mice that has a dominant allele which produces white-colored fur, while the homozygous recessive alleles result in dark brown fur. Genetic studies have indicated that this gene for fur color follows Mendelian inheritance. Originally, the mice population was comprised of over 80% of white mice in a dark forest environment. As the local fox population increased, you noticed that there were fewer white mice and more brown-colored mice. By the end of your observation period of six months, you notice that brown-colored mice now make up over 60% of the total mice population. 1. Based on this scenario, explain what force of evolution is at work. 2. Are you observing microevolution or macroevolution? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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