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Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA. The monomers in
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Study Guide for Zumdahl/Zumdahl/DeCoste’s Chemistry, 10th Edition
- Although RNA is single-stranded, the strand sometimes folds back on itself to give a complementary portion. What would be the complementary portion of the RNA fragment having the bases uracil-cytosine-guanine? A virus is a particle that contains DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a coat of protein that can replicate only in a host cell. The influencza virus shown in this electron microscope image is an RNA virus.arrow_forward1. What are elements and compounds? Give an example of each. 2. What determines the primary structure of a protein? 3. State two functions of proteins. 4. Identify the three parts of a nucleotide. 5. Identify the roles of reactants and products in chemical reactions. 6. What are biochemical reactions? What is an example? 7. Where is most of Earth's water found? 8. What is polarity? Describe the polarity of water.arrow_forwardThe isomerization process of the conversion of one organic compound to another is widespread. There is Geometric isomerism, Streo- isomerism, etc. The keto enol isomerization is a special case that is called Tautomerization. Discuss the keto enol tautomerization of some of the bases of DNA/RNA. 200 wordsarrow_forward
- Biochemistry Molecular 1. How did scientists discover the genetic code? 2.Is the genetic code universal? 3.Codons that code for 61 amino acids. Kinds of amino acids 20 pieces. How is yours analysis of the relationship between these two sentences?arrow_forwardBoth proteins and nucleic acids (like DNA and RNA) can be denatured with heat. Explain why this happens for both types of molecule and what is happening during the heat-driven denaturing process. A complete answer should discuss thermodynamic considerations such as entropy and enthalpy.arrow_forwardDefine Biomolecules ?arrow_forward
- How do amino acids bond together ? Use a basic diagram of an amino acid molecule ato show how 2 amino acids would bond together. Identify the ty of reaction as well the type of bond formed.arrow_forwardGalactose and glucose have the same molecular formula, and the only difference is the orientation of the hydroxyl bond at the 4' position. Why is this type of distinction of bond orientations important in biology? CH,OH CH,OH но OH H. OH - H OH H. OH HÓ OH Galactose Glucose Glucose can be metabolized into energy, but galactose cannot. The bonds have different polarity, so they form hydrogen bonds with different strengths. O Enzymes and binding proteins are specific enough to detect the different configurations and must bind one sugar or the other. O The two forms switch back and forth spontaneously, which makes the molecules more flexible and versatile.arrow_forwardQuestion 6: The structural diagram of one of the twenty amino acids is given below. Look at and answer the next two questions. H >--< N-C-C H H O-H 6a. Which chemical groups are present in this amino acid? Name them. H 6b. Is this amino acid hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or amphipathic? How do you know? Explain. Use the terms electronegativity and polar in your answer. (You might want toarrow_forward
- When enough heat is added to double-stranded DNA, the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs are disrupted, and the DNA strands come apart (denature). You have two different double-stranded DNA samples. In DNA X, 50% of the base pairs are G-C. In DNA Y, 80% of the base pairs are G-C. Mark any/all that apply. DNA Y denatures at a higher temperature than DNA X does. It takes more energy to denature DNA Y than it takes to denature DNA X. DNA X denatures at a higher temperature than DNA Y does. O It takes more energy to denature DNA X than it takes to denature DNA Y.arrow_forwardWhich of these is a hydroxyl group? A large organic molecule with different functional groups. A group marked A consists of a nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. A group marked B consists of a phosphorus atom with four oxygen atoms. One of these oxygen atoms is connected to the phosphorus by a double bond. All other bonds are single. Two oxygen atoms have negative charges. A group marked C consists of a carbon atom connected to an oxygen atom by a double bond. A group marked D consists of an oxygen atom connected to a hydrogen atom. The group marked E consists of a sulfur atom connected with a hydrogen atom. A group marked F consists of a carbon atom, which is connected to one oxygen atom by a double bond and the other oxygen atom by a single bond. This last mentioned oxygen atom also has a hydrogen attached. EDACFarrow_forwardYou are working in a biotechnology lab and are analyzing DNA. You obtain a sample of a short dodecamer of DNA that contains 12 base pairs. What must the ratio of adenine to thymine be in your sample?arrow_forward
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