WHAT IS LIFE ACHIEVE ACCESS ONLY >I<
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319487317
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: INTER MAC
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Chapter 22, Problem 12SA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
Whether the hemoglobin in individuals living at higher altitudes would be more ‘sticky’ or less ‘sticky’.
Introduction:
The availability of oxygen at higher altitudes is lower. So, adaptations are necessary to take up oxygen, efficiently.
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In 1913, Archibald Hill described an alternative formulation for cooperative processes such as the binding of oxygen by
hemoglobin by considering the hypothetical equilibrium
Hb+ n0₂ Hb(0₂)n
2
Analysis leads to the Hill equation:
n
p02₂"
(
Y
log (₁ x x ) = log
Y
(^_^)
log
where Y is the fractional saturation. This equation suggests that a plot of log
with slope n.
Plots for myoglobin and hemoglobin are shown here:
3
2
1
O
-1
-2
-3
P50
+
n
= nlog (pO,) – n log(P5o)
Myoglobin
(0.25, -0.25)
-1 0 1
2
log (pO₂)
(3.0, 2.5)
3 4
(^_^)
log
3
2
1
O
-1
-2
-3
-4
(0, -3.4)
-1
0
Y
Y
versus log (pO₂) should yield a line
Hemoglobin
(2.1, 2.5) -
(0.7, -2.0)
(1.9, 1.3)
(0.4, -3.5)
1
2
log (pO₂)
- (2.4, 2.4)
3 4
The part of hemoglobin that binds iron is
O alpha globulin 2
Obeta globulin 2
alpha globulin 1
O beta globulin 1
heme
Suppose Gina climbs a high mountain where the oxygen partial pressure in the air decreases to 70 torr. Assume that the pH of
her tissues and lungs is 7.4 and the oxygen concentration in her tissues is 20 torr. The P50 of hemoglobin is 26 torr. The degree
of cooperativity of hemoglobin, n, is 2.8.
Estimate the percentage of the oxygen-carrying capacity that she utilizes. Calculate your answer to one decimal place.
сараcity:
%
Chapter 22 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE ACHIEVE ACCESS ONLY >I<
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- I am eating a snack as I type this question. My body is breaking down the food to provide energy so that my muscles will continue to contract and I can continue to type. During this process, some acidic byproduct could be produced, decreasing the the pH in my muscles. a) What effect will this have on the structure of hemoglobin. (Briefly describe. No more than 2-3 sentences.) b) What effect does this have on the Pso of hemoglobin?arrow_forwardTo demonstrate an understanding of oxyhemoglobin binding, insert a word from the list in each blank to complete the statements. Not all terms will be used. increased A right shift of the oxy-hemoglobin curve signifies a affinity for oxygen. hold acidic A temperature will cause a right shift of the oxy- hemoglobin curve. basic A more pH than normal blood pH will cause a right shift higher of the oxy-hemoglobin curve. As a person exercises, their muscles give off heat which raises the temperature of the blood. This will cause hemoglobin to more oxygen at the cells. lower release decreasedarrow_forward(b) The diagram on the right illustrates the change in the p50 (partial pressure of O2 required to achieve 50% saturation) of hemoglobin and the 2,3-bis-phosphoglycerate (BPG) concentration in the erythrocytes of a person who spent 6 days hik- ing in the Andes Mountains of Peru. As the hiker climbs to higher and higher altitudes, the atmos- pheric pressure, including the partial pressure of O2, decreases. Yet the p50 increases, making it less favorable to achieve saturation of the hemo- globin. Explain. Pso (torr) Sea level 34 33- 32 31 30- 29 28 27 26 4530 m above- sea level (c) If individuals with the following mutant hemo- globins accompanied the hiker, evaluate the degree of respiratory distress that they would experience despite the increased erythrocyte BPG concentration. (In the ta- ble of mutants on the right, the mutation His(143)Asp, for instance, means that the His residue that occurs at se- quence position 143 on the ß-chain has been substituted by Asp.) Describe the…arrow_forward
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless gas that result from the burning of hydrocarbons, such as in a poorly functioning furnace or vehicle emissions. CO can bind with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. Hemoglobin's affinity for CO is 200 times greater than its affinity for oxygen. The initial symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are flu-like, such as dizziness, headache and vomiting. However, when left unchecked, CO poisoning can result in unconsciousness, loss of blood flow to the vital organs and, eventually, death. (Source: Bleecker, M.L. (2015). Carbon Monoxide Intoxication. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier B.V.) 5. Name the gases normally carried by hemoglobin in the body. Using your knowledge of the circulatory and respiratory systems, provide a possible explanation for the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.arrow_forwardSuppose you visit the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India (elevation 1460 m),and you begin to ponder the “big questions,” such as “What is the fractionalsaturation of the Dalai Lama’s hemoglobin?”(a) Assuming the Dalai Lama’s hemoglobin has a Hill coefficient = 3.2,and a P50 = 31 mm Hg, calculate the change in fractional O2 saturationof his hemoglobin going from his lungs (where PO2 = 85 mm Hg) to hiscapillaries (where PO2 = 25 mm Hg).(b) Why do you suppose the Dalai Lama’s hemoglobin has a P50 higher thannormal (where “normal” = 27 mm Hg)?arrow_forward73) The Haldane Effect says that it is easier for CO2 to bind to hemoglobin once oxygen has dissociated from the heme group. Group of answer choices True False 74) In the homeostatic regulation of blood oxygen levels, the central processor is the ________. Group of answer choices Blood Oxygen Levels CO2 Receptors Kidney Red Bone Marrow Lungs 75) Boyle’s Law states that there is a directly proportional relationship between the volume of a container and the pressure within that container. Group of answer choices False True 76) All Red Blood Cells are replenished at the same time. Group of answer choices True Falsearrow_forward
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