WHAT IS LIFE ACHIEVE ACCESS ONLY >I<
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319487317
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: INTER MAC
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Chapter 22, Problem 9SA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
How the countercurrent exchange system improves the efficiency of gas exchange in fishes.
Introduction:
Gas exchange in fishes occurs at the lamellae of the gills, where blood capillaries are present.
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Define the term “exchange surface” and list four common features of gas-exchange organs in animals.
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Gills are the main site of gas exchange in almost all fishes. The gills consist of bony or cartilaginously stiffened arches that anchor pairs of gill filaments. In sharks, the pairs of gill filaments are separated by a fleshy septum. The numerous, minute lamellae that protrude from both sides of each filament are the primary sites of gas exchange; however, not all the blood flow in the gills is directed to the lamellae. "Nonrespiratory basal blood channels or venolymphatic simuses may carry a significant fraction of the gall blood found that resting rainbow trout perfused approximately 58% of their lamellae with blood. Trout in hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) water or injected with epinepherine (eg. simulating stress or excitement) perfused more than 70% of their lamellae. Conversely, injections of acetylcholine decreased perfused lamellae to approximately 43%. These results indicate that rainbow trout can increase the number of lamellae that are used in respiration as the…
Using Daphnia and grasshoppers as specific examples, compare how aquatic arthropods accomplish gas exchange with how terrestrial arthropods accomplish gas exchange?
Chapter 22 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE ACHIEVE ACCESS ONLY >I<
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- Countercurrent flow of water and blood increases the efficiency of gas exchange in ______. a. fishes c. birds b. amphibians d. all of the abovearrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).arrow_forwardName structures P and Q that help humans and fish in gaseous exchange.arrow_forward
- With unidirectional flow, fish can arrange the blood flow in their gills so that they can extract all the oxygen from the water they inhale. Explain how this is achievedarrow_forwardCrayfish have gills but open circulatory systems, whereas squid have gills but closed systems. What does this difference tell you about each animal's average metabolic needs? What other large surface do squid use for gas exchange, and what internal structure in the squid serves as defense? Explain everything in three paragraphs.arrow_forwardExplain some structural and functional features that are common to all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.arrow_forward
- After a heavy rain, earthworms come to the surface. How would you explain this behavior in terms of an earthworm’s requirements for gas exchange?arrow_forwardSharks and bony fishes approach or achieve neutral buoyancy in different ways. Describe the methods evolved in each group. Why must a teleost fish adjust the gas volume in its swim blad-der when it swims upward or downward? How is gas volume adjusted?arrow_forwardDescribe 2 factors that contribute to the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills. Why are fish gills the most efficient of all respiratory organs?arrow_forward
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