Physics for Scientists and Engineers With Modern Physics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133953982
Author: SERWAY, Raymond A./
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 13CQ
What are some factors that affect the efficiency of automobile engines?
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It is found that an engine discharges 50 J while absorbing 85 J each cycle of operation.
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What is the efficiency of the engine? eff=eff=Incorrect
How much work does it perform per cycle? W=W=Correct J
To make your workouts more productive, you can get an electrical generator that you drive with the rear wheel of your bicycle when it is mounted in a stand.a. Your laptop charger uses 75 W. What is your body’s metabolic power use while running the generator to power your laptop charger, given the typical efficiency for such tasks? Assume 100% efficiency for the generator.b. Your laptop takes 1 hour to recharge. If you run the generator for 1 hour, how much energy does your body use? Express your result in joules and in Calories.
Efficiency of reversible engine is maximum. Why?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers With Modern Physics
Ch. 22.1 - The energy input to an engine is 4.00 times...Ch. 22.2 - The energy entering an electric heater by...Ch. 22.4 - Three engines operate between reservoirs separated...Ch. 22.6 - (a) Suppose you select four cards at random from a...Ch. 22.7 - An ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature...Ch. 22.7 - True or False: The entropy change in an adiabatic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1OQCh. 22 - Prob. 2OQCh. 22 - Prob. 3OQCh. 22 - Of the following, which is not a statement of the...
Ch. 22 - Prob. 5OQCh. 22 - Prob. 6OQCh. 22 - Prob. 7OQCh. 22 - Prob. 8OQCh. 22 - Prob. 9OQCh. 22 - Prob. 10OQCh. 22 - The arrow OA in the PV diagram shown in Figure...Ch. 22 - The energy exhaust from a certain coal-fired...Ch. 22 - Discuss three different common examples of natural...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CQCh. 22 - The first law of thermodynamics says you cant...Ch. 22 - Energy is the mistress of the Universe, and...Ch. 22 - (a) Give an example of an irreversible process...Ch. 22 - The device shown in Figure CQ22.7, called a...Ch. 22 - A steam-driven turbine is one major component of...Ch. 22 - Discuss the change in entropy of a gas that...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10CQCh. 22 - Prob. 11CQCh. 22 - (a) If you shake a jar full of jelly beans of...Ch. 22 - What are some factors that affect the efficiency...Ch. 22 - A particular heat engine has a mechanical power...Ch. 22 - The work done by an engine equals one-fourth the...Ch. 22 - A heat engine takes in 360 J of energy from a hot...Ch. 22 - A gun is a heat engine. In particular, it is an...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5PCh. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - Suppose a heat engine is connected to two energy...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - During each cycle, a refrigerator ejects 625 kJ of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10PCh. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Prob. 12PCh. 22 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14PCh. 22 - One of the most efficient heat engines ever built...Ch. 22 - Prob. 16PCh. 22 - Prob. 17PCh. 22 - Prob. 18PCh. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - Prob. 21PCh. 22 - How much work does an ideal Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 22 - Prob. 23PCh. 22 - A power plant operates at a 32.0% efficiency...Ch. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - Prob. 26PCh. 22 - Prob. 27PCh. 22 - Prob. 28PCh. 22 - A heat engine operates in a Carnot cycle between...Ch. 22 - Suppose you build a two-engine device with the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 31PCh. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - Prob. 33PCh. 22 - Prob. 34PCh. 22 - Prob. 35PCh. 22 - Prob. 36PCh. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - Prob. 38PCh. 22 - Prob. 39PCh. 22 - Prob. 40PCh. 22 - Prob. 41PCh. 22 - Prob. 42PCh. 22 - A Styrofoam cup holding 125 g of hot water at 100C...Ch. 22 - Prob. 44PCh. 22 - A 1 500-kg car is moving at 20.0 m/s. The driver...Ch. 22 - Prob. 46PCh. 22 - Prob. 47PCh. 22 - Prob. 48PCh. 22 - Prob. 49PCh. 22 - What change in entropy occurs when a 27.9-g ice...Ch. 22 - Calculate the change in entropy of 250 g of water...Ch. 22 - Prob. 52PCh. 22 - Prob. 53PCh. 22 - Prob. 54PCh. 22 - Prob. 55PCh. 22 - Prob. 56APCh. 22 - Prob. 57APCh. 22 - A steam engine is operated in a cold climate where...Ch. 22 - Prob. 59APCh. 22 - Prob. 60APCh. 22 - Prob. 61APCh. 22 - In 1993, the U.S. government instituted a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 63APCh. 22 - Prob. 64APCh. 22 - Prob. 65APCh. 22 - Prob. 66APCh. 22 - In 1816, Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 68APCh. 22 - Prob. 69APCh. 22 - Prob. 70APCh. 22 - Prob. 71APCh. 22 - Prob. 72APCh. 22 - Prob. 73APCh. 22 - A system consisting of n moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 22 - A heat engine operates between two reservoirs at...Ch. 22 - Prob. 76APCh. 22 - Prob. 77APCh. 22 - Prob. 78APCh. 22 - A sample of an ideal gas expands isothermally,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 80APCh. 22 - Prob. 81CP
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- Show that the coefficients of performance of refrigerators and heat pumps are related by COPref=COPhp1. Start with the definitions of the COP s and the conservation of energy relationship between Qh, QC, and W.arrow_forwardAn engine absorbs three times as much heat as it discharges. The work done by the engine per cycle is 50 J. Calculate (a) the efficiency of the engine, (b) the heat absorbed per cycle, and (c) the heat discharged per cycle.arrow_forwardTrue or False? The second law of thermodynamics states that it is possible to have 100% efficiency for an engine as long as it is new.arrow_forward
- An engine absorbs 500 J of heat and rejects 100 J of heat to the cold reservoir in each cycle.  What is its efficiency? a. e = 0.20 b. e = 1.00 c. e = 0.50 d. e = 0.80arrow_forwardWhat is the maximum efficiency of a heat engine whose operating temperatures are 690 °C and 300 °C? Express your answer using two significant figures. e =arrow_forwardThe efficiency of a gas turbine is much larger than that of a steam turbine since  Question 2 options:  the exhaust temperature is lower.  the operating temperature is lower.  the exhaust temperature is higher.  the operating temperature is higher.arrow_forward
- A perfect engine would have _________ , which would lead to an efficiency of one. On the other hand, a perfect refrigerator would need __________ that would lead to ________. A. Qc = 0, W = 0, K →  B. Qc < 0, W < 0, K < 0 C. Qc = 0, W > 0, K > 0 D. Qh = 0, W = 0, K →  E. Qc < 0, W = 0, K → arrow_forwardDuring one cycle, a refrigerator removes 360 J from a cold reservoir and discharges 530 J into its hot reservoir. Hint  What is its coefficient of performance? K=K= How much work per cycle does it require to operate? W=W= Jarrow_forwardQuestion 6. in one cycle, a heat engine does 700J of work and releases 1450 J of heat to a lower-temperature reservoir. What is the efficiency of this engine, in percent?arrow_forward
- The “Energy Guide” label on a washing machine indicates that the washer will use $85 worth of hot water per year if the water is heated by an electric water heater at an electricity rate of $0.113/kWh. If the water is heated from 12 to 55°C, determine how many liters of hot water an average family uses per week. Disregard the electricity consumed by the washer, and take the efficiency of the electric water heater to be 91 percent.arrow_forwardA heat pump has a coefficient of performance of 3.1. Hint  If it requires 290 J of work per cycle, how much heat per cycle does it put into the hot reservoir? QH=QH= JJ How much heat per cycle is pulled in from the cold reservoir? QL=QL= Jarrow_forwardSuppose a heat engine design makes a square on a PV diagram, using a monatomic gas. The high pressure is 3P and low pressure is P. The high volume is 3V and low volume is V. What is the efficiency of the heat engine?arrow_forward
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