Brock Biology Of Microorganisms - Package
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134462660
Author: MADIGAN
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 1AQ
Imagine that you have discovered a new animal that consumes only grass in its diet. You suspect it to be a ruminant and have available a specimen for anatomical inspection. If this animal is a ruminant, describe the position and basic components of the digestive tract you would expect to find and any key microorganisms and substances you might look for. What
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Brock Biology Of Microorganisms - Package
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.2 - What is the evidence that "Chlorochromatium...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.2 - How might nutrients be shuttled between phototroph...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.3 - What is a bacteroid and what occurs within it?...Ch. 22.3 - What are the major similarities and differences...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 22.4 - How do the vir genes differ from T-DNA in the Ti...Ch. 22.4 - How has an understanding of crown gall disease...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.5 - How do mycorrhizal fungi promote plant diversity?Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 22.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 22.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.9 - What are the consequences of symbiont genome...Ch. 22.9 - How could it be determined if a symbiont and its...Ch. 22.10 - How are anoxic conditions maintained in the...Ch. 22.10 - Why does reductive acetogenesis predominate over...Ch. 22.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 22.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.12 - What are the similarities of the obligate...Ch. 22.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 22.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 22.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 22.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 22.14 - What are the two mechanisms of Symbiodinium...Ch. 22.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 22 - Prob. 1RQCh. 22 - Prob. 2RQCh. 22 - QDescribe the steps in the development of root...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4RQCh. 22 - Prob. 5RQCh. 22 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. What is a rumen and how do the...Ch. 22 - QGive an example of a single microbial species...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8RQCh. 22 - Prob. 9RQCh. 22 - Prob. 10RQCh. 22 - QHow do the microbial communities of higher and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12RQCh. 22 - How is the correct bacterial symbiont selected in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14RQCh. 22 - Prob. 15RQCh. 22 - Prob. 16RQCh. 22 - Imagine that you have discovered a new animal that...
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- A scientist studies the production of a key digestive enzyme in silk moths. The moths have one gene for this enzyme, and the scientist extracts mRNA transcribed from this gene as well as protein translated from it. The gene has three introns in its sequence. If the same scientist extracts the DNA for this gene and finds that it becomes methylated over the life of the organism, how will digestion change over time? A. It will occur at lower pH. B. It will rely more on this enzyme over time. C. It will use methylated copies of the enzyme. D. It will involve a lesser quantity of this enzyme over time.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of an enzyme? Name three important enzymes that are used in the digestive process in human body and describe their functions.arrow_forwardYou have collected content from the small intestine and isolated various enzymes. Where do most of these enzymes originally come from? a) Liver b) Stomach c) Duodenum (duodenum) d) Colon (colon) e) Pancreas (pancreas)arrow_forward
- Can you help me with these questions? (A)Rank the test tubes in order of greatest amount of digestion to least amount of digestion. For each tube, explain why it would have exhibited that level of digestion. (B)How could the experiment be modified to further test human digestion actions? What variables would you change? What would you keep the same? (C)In which test tube was the activity most like that of a real human stomach? Explain. Here is the picture.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would you predict to be the consequence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in ruminant animals? Select one: a. Inability to metabolize volatile fatty acids for oxidation in Krebs Cycle b. Inability to absorb digested carbohydrates in the rumen c. Inability of rumen microflora to enzymatically cleave bonds between sugars in cellulose d. Inability to convert glucose to pyruvic acidarrow_forwardWhat are some metabolic adaptations (for example, lactose tolerance in groups derived from herders) found in modern-day humans and Neanderthal genetics?arrow_forward
- The human digestive system has evolved to efficiently process regular meals, and many of us eat normal-sized meals a few times a day. However, imagine if humans could only eat one *giant* meal, just once every *week*. How might our digestive systems be changed to make this possible? Describe two specific ways that you could modify the human digestive system to accommodate eating much larger meals, much less often.arrow_forwardWhich types of macromolecules (protein, carbohydrate, fat, or nucleic acid?) can be enzymatically digested in the oral cavity, stomach small intestine (answer this specific question based on Fig 33.9)arrow_forwardDescribe step by step the experiment required to isolate a protein from the liver and explain the purpose of all steps.arrow_forward
- The stomach has two types of exocrine secretory cells: chief cells that secrete an inactive form of a protein-digesting enzyme, pepsinogen parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which activates pepsinogen Both these cell types have an abundance of mitochondria for ATP production - the chief cells for the energy needed needed to synthesize pepsinogen, the parietal cells for the energy needed to transport H+ and Cl- from the blood into the stomach lumen. But only one of these cell types also has an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant Golgi stacks. Explain which cell type would have extensive rough ER and Golgi stacks and why. Also explain which cell type would not have as extensive a rough ER and Golgi stacks and why.arrow_forwardWould you expect the biosynthesis of a protein from the constituent amino acids in an organism to be an exergonic or endergonic process? Give the reason for your answerarrow_forwardAlthough rabbits cannot digest the cellulose in their all-plant diet, bacteria that live in their cecum can. However, to make full use of the nutrients released by bacterial action, a rabbit must produce and eat a special type of feces. Why must the rabbit reswallow this material to obtain the nutrients released by bacterial action?Some people who have gallstones experience pain after they eat, with fatty meals causing the greatest discomfort. Why do such meals trigger gallbladder pain? Diabetes insipidus is a medical disorder in which a person produces an unusually large amount of highly dilute urine. Some cases are caused by a gene mutation, but in most people, diabetes insipidus arises after a head injury. Explain how an injury to the head could affect kidney function.Marine mammals and desert rodents both have highly efficient kidneys that produce only a tiny amount of very concentrated urine. What selective pressure shaped this trait in both animals?arrow_forward
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