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To determine: When a transition metal atom forms an ion, which electrons are lost first.
Answer to Problem 1E
Solution: When a transition metal forms an ion, the electrons in the s-orbitals are lost first.
Explanation of Solution
The transition metals have the general electronic configuration [A] nsx(n-1)dx. Here [A] = nearest noble gas, n = is the row (period) number of the element. For example, for a first row transition metal, which is in the 4th period. Electronic configuration is [Ar] 4sx(3)dx. The value of x is determined from the group in which the element is present. For example, Co: [Ar] 4s23d7.
Generally when a metal forms a cation, the outer most electrons that are in the highest energy state are lost. In transition metals, present in fourth period the 4s orbital is the highest energy orbital. So when it ionizes 4s electrons are lost first.
Hence, when a transition metal forms an ion, the electrons in the s-orbitals are lost first.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Modified Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
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