Concept explainers
(1)
To determine:
Why do people who are immunized sometimes still get the flu? What do the letters A, H, and N stand for in the name A (H5N1)? Why are epidemiologists particularly concerned about bird influenza viruses.
Case summary:
Wang Fang is too sick, he had a fever of about 104ᵒ F for two days and dizzy, nausea, tiredness, vomiting. After that, she slowly develops running nose, dry cough, and severe sore throat. She had influenza A virus infection (H5N1), which is a commonly known as swine flu. This virus has a novel RNA strain that is emerged from the antigenic shift that occurs once in a decade. This new strain gives an adverse effect because of the different antigenic combinations. This type of antigenic combinations is new to the adaptive immune system and hence it requires a long period of time to cure this infection. Symptoms are appearing in this time period. Wang Fang has survived this flu, but many other patients could not survive with this flu.
(2)
To determine:
What do the letters A, H, and N stand for in the name A (H5N1)?
Case summary:
Wang Fang is too sick, he had a fever of about 104ᵒ F for two days and dizzy, nausea, tiredness, vomiting. After that, she slowly develops running nose, dry cough, and severe sore throat. She had influenza A virus infection (H5N1), which is a commonly known as swine flu. This virus has a novel RNA strain that is emerged from the antigenic shift that occurs once in a decade. This new strain gives an adverse effect because of the different antigenic combinations. This type of antigenic combinations is new to the adaptive immune system and hence it requires a long period of time to cure this infection. Symptoms are appearing in this time period. Wang Fang has survived this flu, but many other patients could not survive with this flu.
(3)
To determine:
Why are epidemiologists particularly concerned about bird influenza viruses.
Case summary:
Wang Fang is too sick, he had a fever of about 104ᵒ F for two days and dizzy, nausea, tiredness, vomiting. After that, she slowly develops running nose, dry cough, and severe sore throat. She had influenza A virus infection (H5N1), which is a commonly known as swine flu. This virus has a novel RNA strain that is emerged from the antigenic shift that occurs once in a decade. This new strain gives an adverse effect because of the different antigenic combinations. This type of antigenic combinations is new to the adaptive immune system and hence it requires a long period of time to cure this infection. Symptoms are appearing in this time period. Wang Fang has survived this flu, but many other patients could not survive with this flu.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK MICROBIOLOGY:W/DISEASES BY BODY...-
- In 1969, a 16-year-old boy named Robert Rayford was admitted to a hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. He was weak, emaciated, rife with stubborn infections, and riddled with rare cancerous lesions known as Kaposi’s sarcoma, a skin disease found in elderly men of Mediterranean descent. Three months after he was admitted, he died of pneumonia. More than ten years later, similar cases were seen in states like New York and California. It was eventually discovered that young Robert Rayford actually had AIDS. Using 2-3 pieces of evidence from the text, explain why Robert Rayford ended up dying from pneumonia.arrow_forwardWhy are there so many deaths from influenza when it is generally a mild disease?arrow_forwardA nurse is volunteering with a medical team in Southeast Asia. A 35-year-old female presents to the clinic reporting that the village doctors have diagnosed her with malaria. The nurse notes that the woman is febrile, tachypneic, and her eyes have a yellow tint. She reports generalized body aches and weakness. Through a translator, the nurse collects the woman's medical history. She reports feeling ill for about ten days, experiencing several cycles of fever, sweating, and chills that are temporarily relieved before occurring again. The village doctors treated her with a combination of a mosquito paste and an indigenous root, but her symptoms have not improved. The medical team performs serological testing at the clinic and confirms a diagnosis of malaria. 6) What is the cause of the cyclical nature of the woman's symptoms? A) She is being reinfected by a vector as she begins to recover. B) The village doctor's treatments are working intermittently. C) Her symptoms reflect the…arrow_forward
- A nurse is volunteering with a medical team in Southeast Asia. A 35-year-old female presents to the clinic reporting that the village doctors have diagnosed her with malaria. The nurse notes that the woman is febrile, tachypneic, and her eyes have a yellow tint. She reports generalized body aches and weakness. Through a translator, the nurse collects the woman's medical history. She reports feeling ill for about ten days, experiencing several cycles of fever, sweating, and chills that are temporarily relieved before occurring again. The village doctors treated her with a combination of a mosquito paste and an indigenous root, but her symptoms have not improved. The medical team performs serological testing at the clinic and confirms a diagnosis of malaria. 6) What is the cause of the cyclical nature of the woman's symptoms? A) She is being reinfected by a vector as she begins to recover. B) The village doctor's treatments are working intermittently. C) Her symptoms reflect the…arrow_forwardKatie is a 14-year-old girl with a history of seasonal hay fever symptoms and eczema. She has been troubled recently by chest tightness, wheezing and cough. The cough is only minimally productive of whitish sputum. There is a strong family history of allergies and she received “allergy shots” when she was younger. She tells her mother that when she visits a friend’s home, where they have two cats, the symptoms seem to be much worse. Concerned about her daughter’s complaints, Katie’s mother takes her to the family clinic, where a diagnosis of asthma is eventually established. What historical factors would raise concern that Katie may have asthma? (Support Your answer with at least four possible outcomes.) What environmental factors could potentially exacerbate her condition? Include examples. (Support Your answer with at least four possible outcomes.) What are the pathophysiologic processes that are responsible for the clinical manifestations of asthma?(Support Your answer…arrow_forwardKatie is a 14-year-old girl with a history of seasonal hay fever symptoms and eczema. She has been troubled recently by chest tightness, wheezing and cough. The cough is only minimally productive of whitish sputum. There is a strong family history of allergies and she received “allergy shots” when she was younger. She tells her mother that when she visits a friend’s home, where they have two cats, the symptoms seem to be much worse. Concerned about her daughter’s complaints, Katie’s mother takes her to the family clinic, where a diagnosis of asthma is eventually established. What historical factors would raise concern that Katie may have asthma? (Support Your answer with at least four possible outcomes.) What environmental factors could potentially exacerbate her condition? Include examples. (Support Your answer with at least four possible outcomes.)arrow_forward
- Victoria and Rusty were worried about their infant Bailey since his first trip to the hospital at 3 weeks of age. That time he had a temperature of 103'F and a runny nose. The emergency physician checked Bailey over but sent him home saying it was only a com- mon cold, probably brought home by his older sib- lings, and that all would be fine. But Bailey's health has not been fine as he has been having an unusual number of bacterial infections and he is not yet quite 1 year old. The antibiotics that Bailey's physician prescribed have cleared up his bacterial respiratory infections but another infection always follows. Now that Bailey is back at the hospital with pneumonia, his physician has ordered a number of other laboratory tests as he is now worried about Bailey's immune system. The studies showed that Bailey had normal levels of B cells and T cells, with his immu- noglobulin levels and hematology results listed in CASE STUDY TABLE 11-1.1. CASE STUDY TABLE 11-1.1 LABORATORY RESULTS…arrow_forwardWhat is the Spanish Flu Pandemic?arrow_forwardYour 3-month-old son is taken to the emergency room because he has a fever and difficulty breathing. The child is admitted to intensive care because the doctor thinks he has a type of pneumonia whose name you do not recognize. The doctor reports that the hospital has seen a dozen pediatric cases of this pneumonia in the past week. The doctor swabs your son’s nose but says the results won’t be back for several days. In the meantime, they will give supportive therapy, including an inhaled spray, but no antibacterial drugs. The doctor feels sure the child will recover. 1. What kind of pneumonia is it? 2. Why aren’t they giving him antibacterial drugs? 3. How can the doctor be sure what’s causing the pneumonia if she doesn’t yet have test results? 4. Has the other child (a 3 years-old) been exposed to the infection?arrow_forward
- The mother of a 6-year-old child brings her daughter to the pediatrician's office because she has had a sore throat, cough, and fever for several days. She reports a fever up to 104°F that worsens at night, but seems to respond to treatment with acetaminophen. The child has not been eating or drinking well because she says, "it hurts to swallow." She is ill appearing, and does not seem interested in playing with the toys that are in the examination room. The physician notes a thick, white exudate on both of the patient's tonsils, which also seem enlarged. A throat culture and complete blood count with differential is ordered. 1) The patient's mother expresses concern about her daughter's fevers. She states that the fevers are a sign that her child is unable to fight this infection. What is a proper response to these concerns? A) It is impossible to determine exactly why she is having these fevers. Doctors call this a fever of unknown origin. B) Fevers are a natural response by the…arrow_forwardWhy can’t dogs catch the measles?arrow_forwardAn otherwise healthy 24-year-old woman goes to her doctor complaining of a sudden onset of high fever, chills, uneasiness, and a severe headache. She also shows the doctor a painful sweling she is experiencing in her groin area. The doctor asks her about recent travel. She reports that she returned two days prior from a week-long camping and hiking trip in Texas. 1. How did the woman most likely contract the disease? 2. What are the potential problems associated with diagnosing this disease, and how crucial is prompt diagnosis of this disease? 3. The doctor asks you, as a nursing student rotating through his clinic, your opinion on the disease diagnosis and causative agent. What is your response? 4. How should the patient be treated? 5. Who should be notifed once the diagnosis is confimed? Why?arrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
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