To compare: Briefly discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system, including the events that take place within the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as related to long-term and short-term control of blood pressure. Concept introduction: The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body functions such as heartbeat, digestive process, and breathing process. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feed and breed system.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Briefly discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system, including the events that take place within the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as related to long-term and short-term control of blood pressure.

Concept introduction:

The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body functions such as heartbeat, digestive process, and breathing process. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feed and breed system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The autonomic nervous system is classified into two divisions, namely the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic nervous system. The ANS is stimulated by the neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The ANS receptors are located throughout all parts of the body tissues. Receptors are present between the effector cells and postganglionic fiber are called as cholinergic or muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic system.

The cholinergic or acetylcholine agonist drugs stimulate the muscarinic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the cholinergic antagonists. The norepinephrine, adrenergic agonists and epinephrine stimulate the physiologic activity of adrenergic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the antiadrenergic such as α and β blockers.

The most of the adrenergic drugs are used to dilate the arteries to reduce hypertension.

The short-term regulation of blood pressure increases the blood pressure which in turn stimulates the parasympathetic system. The parasympathetic nervous system reduced the vasodilation, heart rate, and lower the blood pressure. The Long-term regulation of blood pressure stimulates the aldosterone mechanism and renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Conclusion

The location of the autonomic nervous system and its function related to blood pressure regulation.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Briefly discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system, including the events that take place within the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as related to long-term and short-term control of blood pressure.

Concept introduction:

The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body functions such as heartbeat, digestive process, and breathing process. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feed and breed system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The autonomic nervous system is classified into two divisions, namely the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic nervous system. The ANS is stimulated by the neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The ANS receptors are located throughout all parts of the body tissues. Receptors are present between the effector cells and postganglionic fiber are called as cholinergic or muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic system.

The cholinergic or acetylcholine agonist drugs stimulate the muscarinic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the cholinergic antagonists. The norepinephrine, adrenergic agonists and epinephrine stimulate the physiologic activity of adrenergic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the antiadrenergic such as α and β blockers.

The most of the adrenergic drugs are used to dilate the arteries to reduce hypertension.

The short-term regulation of blood pressure increases the blood pressure which in turn stimulates the parasympathetic system. The parasympathetic nervous system reduced the vasodilation, heart rate, and lower the blood pressure. The Long-term regulation of blood pressure stimulates the aldosterone mechanism and renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Conclusion

The location of the autonomic nervous system and its function related to blood pressure regulation.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Briefly discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system, including the events that take place within the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as related to long-term and short-term control of blood pressure.

Concept introduction:

The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body functions such as heartbeat, digestive process, and breathing process. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feed and breed system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The autonomic nervous system is classified into two divisions, namely the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic nervous system. The ANS is stimulated by the neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The ANS receptors are located throughout all parts of the body tissues. Receptors are present between the effector cells and postganglionic fiber are called as cholinergic or muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic system.

The cholinergic or acetylcholine agonist drugs stimulate the muscarinic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the cholinergic antagonists. The norepinephrine, adrenergic agonists and epinephrine stimulate the physiologic activity of adrenergic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the antiadrenergic such as α and β blockers.

The most of the adrenergic drugs are used to dilate the arteries to reduce hypertension.

The short-term regulation of blood pressure increases the blood pressure which in turn stimulates the parasympathetic system. The parasympathetic nervous system reduced the vasodilation, heart rate, and lower the blood pressure. The Long-term regulation of blood pressure stimulates the aldosterone mechanism and renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Conclusion

The location of the autonomic nervous system and its function related to blood pressure regulation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Briefly discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system, including the events that take place within the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as related to long-term and short-term control of blood pressure.

Concept introduction:

The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body functions such as heartbeat, digestive process, and breathing process. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feed and breed system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The autonomic nervous system is classified into two divisions, namely the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic nervous system. The ANS is stimulated by the neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The ANS receptors are located throughout all parts of the body tissues. Receptors are present between the effector cells and postganglionic fiber are called as cholinergic or muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic system.

The cholinergic or acetylcholine agonist drugs stimulate the muscarinic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the cholinergic antagonists. The norepinephrine, adrenergic agonists and epinephrine stimulate the physiologic activity of adrenergic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the antiadrenergic such as α and β blockers.

The most of the adrenergic drugs are used to dilate the arteries to reduce hypertension.

The short-term regulation of blood pressure increases the blood pressure which in turn stimulates the parasympathetic system. The parasympathetic nervous system reduced the vasodilation, heart rate, and lower the blood pressure. The Long-term regulation of blood pressure stimulates the aldosterone mechanism and renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Conclusion

The location of the autonomic nervous system and its function related to blood pressure regulation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 22, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Briefly discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system, including the events that take place within the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as related to long-term and short-term control of blood pressure.

Concept introduction:

The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body functions such as heartbeat, digestive process, and breathing process. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feed and breed system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The autonomic nervous system is classified into two divisions, namely the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic nervous system. The ANS is stimulated by the neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The ANS receptors are located throughout all parts of the body tissues. Receptors are present between the effector cells and postganglionic fiber are called as cholinergic or muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic system.

The cholinergic or acetylcholine agonist drugs stimulate the muscarinic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the cholinergic antagonists. The norepinephrine, adrenergic agonists and epinephrine stimulate the physiologic activity of adrenergic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the antiadrenergic such as α and β blockers.

The most of the adrenergic drugs are used to dilate the arteries to reduce hypertension.

The short-term regulation of blood pressure increases the blood pressure which in turn stimulates the parasympathetic system. The parasympathetic nervous system reduced the vasodilation, heart rate, and lower the blood pressure. The Long-term regulation of blood pressure stimulates the aldosterone mechanism and renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Conclusion

The location of the autonomic nervous system and its function related to blood pressure regulation.

Answer 6

Chapter 22, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Briefly discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system, including the events that take place within the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as related to long-term and short-term control of blood pressure.

Concept introduction:

The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body functions such as heartbeat, digestive process, and breathing process. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feed and breed system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The autonomic nervous system is classified into two divisions, namely the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic nervous system. The ANS is stimulated by the neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The ANS receptors are located throughout all parts of the body tissues. Receptors are present between the effector cells and postganglionic fiber are called as cholinergic or muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic system.

The cholinergic or acetylcholine agonist drugs stimulate the muscarinic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the cholinergic antagonists. The norepinephrine, adrenergic agonists and epinephrine stimulate the physiologic activity of adrenergic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the antiadrenergic such as α and β blockers.

The most of the adrenergic drugs are used to dilate the arteries to reduce hypertension.

The short-term regulation of blood pressure increases the blood pressure which in turn stimulates the parasympathetic system. The parasympathetic nervous system reduced the vasodilation, heart rate, and lower the blood pressure. The Long-term regulation of blood pressure stimulates the aldosterone mechanism and renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Conclusion

The location of the autonomic nervous system and its function related to blood pressure regulation.

Answer 7

Chapter 22, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Briefly discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system, including the events that take place within the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as related to long-term and short-term control of blood pressure.

Concept introduction:

The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body functions such as heartbeat, digestive process, and breathing process. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feed and breed system.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The autonomic nervous system is classified into two divisions, namely the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic nervous system. The ANS is stimulated by the neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The ANS receptors are located throughout all parts of the body tissues. Receptors are present between the effector cells and postganglionic fiber are called as cholinergic or muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic system.

The cholinergic or acetylcholine agonist drugs stimulate the muscarinic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the cholinergic antagonists. The norepinephrine, adrenergic agonists and epinephrine stimulate the physiologic activity of adrenergic receptors and its activity is inhibited by the antiadrenergic such as α and β blockers.

The most of the adrenergic drugs are used to dilate the arteries to reduce hypertension.

The short-term regulation of blood pressure increases the blood pressure which in turn stimulates the parasympathetic system. The parasympathetic nervous system reduced the vasodilation, heart rate, and lower the blood pressure. The Long-term regulation of blood pressure stimulates the aldosterone mechanism and renin-angiotensin mechanism.