UNIVERSE (LOOSELEAF):STARS+GALAXIES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115043
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 22, Problem 20Q
To determine
The method used by astronomers to determine the orbital speed of the Sun.
The way the speed is related to the amount of mass inside the Sun’s orbit.
The way this speed can be used to determine the amount of mass outside the Sun’s orbit.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Recently, astronomers have observed stars and other objects that orbit the center of the Milky
Way Galaxy farther out than our Sun, but move around faster than we do. How do astronomers
think such an observation can be explained?
A, all these faster-moving objects must be escaping from the gravity of the Milky Way and will
soon be lost to our Galaxy
B. each of the faster-moving outer objects must be the result of a supernova explosion (giving
them extra speed)
C, it is the Sun that is moving too slowly because of a collision billions of years ago; the outer
objects are really moving at the appropriate speed for their distance from the center
D there must be a great deal of invisible dark matter outside the orbit of the Sun whose
gravitational pull explains the faster motions we see out there
E. no one can come up with any explanation for this puzzling observation
An astronaut is in space at the midpoint between two stars of equal mass. Everything else is infinitely far away. What is the weight of the astronaut? Explain your answer.
Galaxy B moves away from galaxy A at 0.501 times the speed of light. Galaxy C moves away from galaxy B in the same
direction at 0.729 times the speed of light. How fast does galaxy C recede from galaxy A? Express your answer as a fraction of
the speed of light.
Galaxy C recedes from Galaxy A at
C
Chapter 22 Solutions
UNIVERSE (LOOSELEAF):STARS+GALAXIES
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1QCh. 22 - Prob. 2QCh. 22 - Prob. 3QCh. 22 - Prob. 4QCh. 22 - Prob. 5QCh. 22 - Prob. 6QCh. 22 - Prob. 7QCh. 22 - Prob. 8QCh. 22 - Prob. 9QCh. 22 - Prob. 10Q
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
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- How does the Doppler effect on sound waves differ from the Doppler effect on electromagnetic waves? Consider both cases: emitter moving and detector moving. Spiral galaxies have been observed to have different Doppler shifts on each side. Why? Where do the red and blue shifts come from?arrow_forwardWhy are gravitational waves hard to detect and is there a way to simplify the process? How?arrow_forwardIt can be shown that if an object orbiting a star of mass M in a circular orbit of radius R has speed v, then Rv? M Suppose a star orbits the center of the galaxy it is contained in with an orbit that is nearly circular with radius 18 R = 2.5 x 10 and velocity v = 230 km/s. Use the result above to estimate the mass of the portion of the galaxy inside the star's orbit (place all of this mass at the center of the orbit). Mass =arrow_forward
- The Sun orbits the Milky Way galaxy once each 2.60108 years, with a roughly circular orbit averaging a radius of 3.00104 light-years. (A light-year is the distance traveled by light in 1 year.) Calculate the centripetal accleration of the Sun in its galactic orbit. Does yur result support the contention that a nearly inertial frame of reference can be located at the Sun? (b) Calculate the average speed of the Sun in its galactic orbit. Does the answer surprise you?arrow_forwardWhat is a gravitational wave and why was it so hard to detect?arrow_forwardThe first clue that the Galaxy contains a lot of dark matter was the observation that the orbital velocities of stars did not decreases with increasing distance from the center of the Galaxy. Construct a rotation curve for the solar system by using the orbital velocities of the planets, which can be found in Appendix F. How does this curve differ from the rotation curve for the Galaxy? What does it tell you about where most of the mass in the solar system is concentrated?arrow_forward
- How does the equivalence principle lead us to suspect that spacetime might be curved?arrow_forwardAs a person approaches the Schwarzschild radius fo a black hole, outside observers see all the processes of that person (their clocks, their heart rate, etc.) slowing down, and coming to a halst as they reach the Schwarzschild radius. (The person falling into the black hole sees their own processes unaffected.) But the speed of light is the same everywhere for all observers. What does this say about space as you approach the black hole?arrow_forwardA student becomes so excited by the whole idea of black holes that he decides to jump into one. It has a mass 10 times the mass of our Sun. What is the trip like for him? What is it like for the rest of the class, watching from afar?arrow_forward
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