ORG.CHEMISTRY CONNECT ACCESS>CUSTOM<
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260293685
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL CUSTOM PUBLISHING
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: A stepwise mechanism for the given conversion in the presence of acid is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any
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y-Butyrolactone (C4H6O2, GBL) is a biologically inactive compound that is converted to the biologically active recreational drug GHB (Section 19.5) by a lactonase enzyme in the body. Since y-butyrolactone is more fat soluble than GHB, it is more readily absorbed by tissues and thus produces a faster onset of physiological symptoms. y-Butyrolactone shows an absorption in its IR spectrum at 1770 cm-1 and the following 1H NMR spectral data: 2.28 (multiplet, 2 H), 2.48 (triplet, 2 H), and 4.35 (triplet, 2 H) ppm. What is the structure of y-butyrolactone?
γ-Butyrolactone (C4H6O2, GBL) is a biologically inactive compound that is converted to the biologically active recreational drug GHB (Section 19.5) by a lactonase enzyme in the body. Since γ-butyrolactone is more fat soluble than GHB, it is more readily absorbed by tissues and thus produces a faster onset of physiological symptoms. γ-Butyrolactone shows an absorption in its IR spectrum at 1770 cm−1 and the following 1H NMR spectral data: 2.28 (multiplet, 2 H), 2.48 (triplet, 2 H), and 4.35 (triplet, 2 H) ppm. What is the structure of γ-butyrolactone?
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.
It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+):
CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)⟶H+CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)
A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.40 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield, The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.45g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?
Chapter 22 Solutions
ORG.CHEMISTRY CONNECT ACCESS>CUSTOM<
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.1PCh. 22 - Draw the three possible resonance structures for...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.3PCh. 22 - Give an IUPAC or common name for each compound. a....Ch. 22 - Problem 22.5 Draw the structure corresponding to...Ch. 22 - Problem 22.6 Explain why the boiling point of is...Ch. 22 - Problem 22.7 How would the compounds in each pair...Ch. 22 - Problem 22.8 Deduce the structures of compounds ...Ch. 22 - Problem 22.9 Without reading ahead in Chapter 22,...Ch. 22 - Rank the compounds in each group in order of...
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.11PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.13PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22 - Problem 22.15 Draw the products of each...Ch. 22 - Problem 22.16 Draw the products of each reaction.
...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22 - Problem 22.18 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.19PCh. 22 - Problem 22.20 Fenofibrate is a...Ch. 22 - Problem 22.21 What product is formed when the...Ch. 22 - How would you synthesize olestra from sucrose?
Ch. 22 - Problem 22.23 What is the composition of the soap...Ch. 22 - Problem 22.24 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.25PCh. 22 - Problem 22.26 Some penicillins cannot be...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.27PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.28PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.29PCh. 22 - Problem 22.30 Glucosamine is a dietry supplement...Ch. 22 - Draw the products of each reaction. a. c. b.Ch. 22 - Draw a tautomer of each compound.
a. b. c.
Ch. 22 - Draw the product of each reaction. a. b.Ch. 22 - Draw the product of each reaction. a. b.Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.35PCh. 22 - Problem 22.36 Outline two different ways that can...Ch. 22 - 22.37 Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.38PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.39PCh. 22 - 22.40 Give the IUPAC or common name for each...Ch. 22 - 22.41 Give the structure corresponding to each...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.42PCh. 22 - 22.43 Explain why is a stronger acid and a weaker...Ch. 22 - (a) Propose an explanation for the difference in...Ch. 22 - Draw the product formed when phenylacetic acid is...Ch. 22 - Draw the product formed when phenylacetonitrile ...Ch. 22 - 22.47 Draw the organic products formed in each...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.48PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.49PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.50PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.51PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.52PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.53PCh. 22 - 22.54 Draw a stepwise mechanism f or the following...Ch. 22 - 22.55 When acetic acid () is treated with a trace...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.56PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.57PCh. 22 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.59PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.60PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.61PCh. 22 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 22 - 22.63 Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of forms compound...Ch. 22 - 22.64 What carboxylic acid and alcohol are needed...Ch. 22 - Problem 22.65 Devise a synthesis of each compound...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.66PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.67PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.69PCh. 22 - 22.70 What polyester or poly amide can be prepared...Ch. 22 - 22.71 What two monomers are needed to prepare each...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.72PCh. 22 - 22.73 How can IR spectroscopy be used to...Ch. 22 - 22.74 Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 22 - 22.75 Identify the structures of each compound...Ch. 22 - 22.76 Identify the structures of A and B, isomers...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.77PCh. 22 - 22.78 Identify the structure of compound C...Ch. 22 - 22.79 Identify the structures of D and E, isomers...Ch. 22 - 22.80 With reference to amides A and B, the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.81PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.82PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.83PCh. 22 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 22 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...
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- Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Part A Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. Part B A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Part C The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…arrow_forwardEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…arrow_forwardAlthough γ-butyrolactone is a biologically inactive compound, it is converted in the body to 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (GHB), an addictive and intoxicating recreational drug. Draw a stepwise mechanism for this conversion in the presence of acid.arrow_forward
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