Concept explainers
(1)
Interpretation:
The most acidic hydrogens in the given compounds are to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
The substances that produce hydrogen ions (
According to the definition of Bronsted and Lowry, acids are the substances that donate protons whereas bases are the substances that accept protons.
(1)
Answer to Problem 22.60SP
The most acidic hydrogens in the given compounds are shown in Figure 1.
Explanation of Solution
In a molecule, different types of protons are present. However, when acting as acids, only the most acidic proton participates in the acid-base reaction. The protons of
Acidic hydrogen is defined as that hydrogen which is attached to more electronegative atoms like oxygen and fluorine. The compound (f) does not contain any acidic hydrogen atom in the given compounds.
The most acidic hydrogens in the given compounds are shown below.
Figure 1
(2)
Interpretation:
The structures of important resonance contributors of the anions of the given compounds are to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The delocalization of electrons due to presence of lone pair and double bond is called resonating structure. The structure is more stable if the resonating structures are more.
(2)
Answer to Problem 22.60SP
The structures of important resonance contributors of the anions of the given compounds are shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The formation of carbanion occurs when acidic hydrogen is removed from a compound. The important resonance contributors of the anions that results from the removal of most acidic hydrogen are shown below.
(a)
Figure 2
(b)
Figure 3
(c)
Figure 4
(d)
Figure 5
(e)
Figure 6
(f)
The given compound is shown below.
Figure 7
The given compound does not contain any acidic hydrogen atom. Therefore, it does not show resonance structures.
(g)
Figure 8
(h)
Figure 9
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Chapter 22 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Be sure to answer all parts. Draw the products of the following acid-base reaction. CH3 CH3 + H₂SO4 - draw structure ... conjugate acid H O O edit structure ... conjugate basearrow_forwardDraw the major organic product of the Bronsted acid- base reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore any counterions. Incorrect, 2 attempts remaining H. :0: :0: :O: NaOH Harrow_forwardUse curved arrows and draw four additional resonance contributors. Please circle the most significant contributor(s) to the resonance hybird and explain why.arrow_forward
- for each pair of compounds, circle the the most acidic proton in each molecule, and then indicate which is the stronger acid of the twoarrow_forwardFor each set of compounds shown below, circle the stronger base.arrow_forwardAnswer each part for the reaction below. a. Draw in ALL missing lone pairs b. Draw appropriate curved arrows to complete the acid-base reaction c. Draw the corresponding products for the reactionarrow_forward
- 14) Circle the weakest base from along the compounds below.arrow_forwardBe sure to answer all parts. Draw the products of the following acid-base reaction. (CH3)2NH + CH3 SO3H draw structure ... conjugate acid draw structure ... conjugate basearrow_forwardCircle the most acidic proton in each moleculearrow_forward
- 2. Consider the following reaction. MeO Ph NC. NHẠCH 'N Ph a. Draw in the most acidic hydrogen on the starting material above, and provide resonance structures below to explain your reasoning. b. Draw a reasonable stepwise, arrow-pushing mechanism for the formation of the product.arrow_forwardRank in order of INCREASING Bronsted acidity (ignore keto isomers). Give a BRIEF explanation that include drawings of each conjugate base anion, including all relevant resonance contributors. Your explanation must include the term "energy of electrons" To preview the image click here weakest ヘー strongest the hy HO HO C НО A Barrow_forwarda) Draw all resonance forms of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and of the corresponding conjugate base. W hich conclusions can you draw for its acidity (pKa) in comparison to phenol?| b) Draw all resonance forms of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and of the corresponding conjugate base. Which conclusions can you draw for its acidity (pKa) in comparison to phenol and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde? c) Discuss the relative acidities of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyd und 4-hydroxybenzaldehyd.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning