COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134073842
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 48EAP
Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state your final answers in complete sentences.
48. Background
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38. The Cosmic Microwave Background is remarkable in many ways. Let's illustrate this by personalizing the CMB a bit.
a) Imagine that the Earth is a sphere with a radius equal to its actual equatorial radius (The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers). If the radius of the Earth is assumed to be constant to the same level of uniformity as the temperature fluctuations of the CMB—that is, to one part in 100,000—then how high would the highest mountains be relative to the mean surface radius of the Earth?
b) Calculate the ratio of the age of the Universe when the CMB was created and the age of the Universe today (in late 2021). If a person is 20 years old, What was their age relative to their current age adopting that fraction? Give the result in hours.
Hubble's First Attempt. Edwin Hubble's first attempt to measure the universe's expansion rate was flawed because the standard candles he was using were not properly calibrated. Look at (Figure 1)
a.Estimate the value of Ho corresponding to the solid line in the figure. Express your answer kilometers per second per million light-years to two significant figures.
b.What is the approximate age of the universe indicated by that erroneous value of Ho? Express your answer in years to one significant figure.
Please answer fast
1. Lambda and Vacuum Energy
Analze the relationship between Lambda (on one side of Einstein's equation) and vacuum energy (on the other side), including the implied equation of state and how it evolves with time.
2. Growth of Clustering
Describe how clustering of mass and, therefore, galaxies grows. How could observations of galaxy clustering at different redshift be combined to constrain cosmological parameters?
Chapter 22 Solutions
COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 22 - Prob. 2VSCCh. 22 - Prob. 3VSCCh. 22 - Explain what we mean by the Big Bang theory.Ch. 22 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 6EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 7EAP
Ch. 22 - 8. Why do we think there was slightly more matter...Ch. 22 - 9. How long did the era of nucleosynthesis last?...Ch. 22 - 10. When we observe the cosmic microwave...Ch. 22 - 11. Briefly describe how the cosmic microwave...Ch. 22 - 12. How does the chemical abundance of helium in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 14EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 22 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 24EAPCh. 22 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 22 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 22 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 28EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 33EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 34EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 22 - Unanswerd Questions. Briefly describe one...Ch. 22 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 46EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 22 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 22 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 55EAPCh. 22 - Prob. 56EAP
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- Question A7 State three pieces of evidence that support the idea that the Universe began in a hot Big Bang, and explain how each piece of evidence supports the hot Big Bang model. Describe the ob- servational evidence that supports the idea that the Universe is pervaded by Dark Energy, and explain why each piece of evidence you cite supports the Dark Energy model.arrow_forwardThe Milky Way grew through merging with many smaller galaxies. What are the observational signatures of this process? O The motion of old stars in the bulge and halo of our galaxy are randomly orientated, meaning they were formed from collisions of small, accreted, galaxies all on different paths. O The ordered motion of the bulge / halo stars means that they came from many objects. The random motions of stars in the disk means it was formed from collisions of small, accreted, galaxies. O The motion of young stars in the disk are all in the same direction, meaning they came in as seperate objects.arrow_forwardState three pieces of evidence that support the idea that the Universe began in a hot Big Bang, and explain how each piece of evidence supports the hot Big Bang model. Describe the ob- servational evidence that supports the idea that the Universe is pervaded by Dark Energy, and explain why each piece of evidence you cite supports the Dark Energy model.arrow_forward
- As we discussed, clouds are made of a great many small drops. Really - a great many. Imagine a liquid cloud that fills a volume of 1 km3. The clouds contains 100 drops per cubic centimeter; for the sake of argument assume that each is 10 microns (micrometers) in radius. A. How many drops does the cloud contain? Compare this to a big number - say, the number of stars in the galaxy. B. What mass of water does the cloud contain? Compare this to something big - elephants, trucks, that sort of thing. C. What fraction of the cloud volume is filled with condensed water? One way to approach this is to compare the density of the suspended liquid water to the density of the surrounding air. D. How many 1 mm drizzle drops could you make from all the cloud drops? E. How much energy was released when this water condensed from vapor to liquid? If the water condensed in 20 minutes (a reasonable lifetime for a small cloud), what was the (energy per time)? powerarrow_forwardThe matter density in the Universe today is Pm = -27 kg m-3. What would 2.7 x 10 be the value of the density parameter, 2o, if the Hubble constant had the value Ho = 38 km/s/Mpc? Assume the Universe does not contain dark energy and choose the option below that best matches your answer. Select one: O a. 0.1 O b. 2. О с. 1. O d. 0.7 О е. 0.5arrow_forwardSuppose we look at two distant galaxies: Galaxy 1 is twice as far away as Galaxy 2. In this case, A. Galaxy 1 must be twice as big as Galaxy 2. B. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. C. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at a later time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. D. Galaxy 2 must be twice as old as Galaxy 1.arrow_forward
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