Interpretation: Using a Gabriel synthesis, primary amine compounds have to be synthesized with a by-product.
Concept Introduction: The general formula for primary amine is –NH2. There are several methods available to prepare primary
Step-1: Formation of potassium phthalimide (deprotonation)
Potassium phthalimide in alkaline KOH acts as the reagent which has negatively charged phthalimide. It is formed by the reaction between phthalimide and potassium hydroxide.
Step-2: Formation of R−N bond by SN2 nucleophilic substitution
The negative charged nitrogen atom in phthalimide can easily attract the positive side of R−X. In primary
Step-3: Formation of primary amine by hydrolysis
The resultant product further goes for hydrolysis using hydrazine as the reagent. This reaction also follows nucleophilic substitution reaction. Finally, primary amine is formed with a side product of hydrazine derivative.
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