Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319154639
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Co
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Chapter 22, Problem 6MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Birds have a supply of oxygen-rich air, during both inhalation and exhalation.
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of a gas-exchange organ in animals?
A. low surface area for gas exchange
B. moist
C. thin, delicate structure
D. extensive blood flow
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. The concentration of oxygen in water is greater than that in air.
B. In animals with gills, ventilation helps to reduce the thickness of the
boundary layer.
C. Countercurrent flow at the gas-exchange surface results in the
diffusion gradient across surface.
D. Mammalian lungs requires the diaphragm because the lungs are
relatively stiff and filled with parabronchi.
For a frog, the disadvantage of cutaneous respiration (through the skin) is:
O a. It has to have an extremely thin skin.
O b. It constantly loses water.
O. Most of its blood supply is now in its skin collecting oxygen.
O d. It constantly loses heat through the skin.
Oe.
It has an extensively folded skin to increase its surface area.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
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- Interactions between the cardiovascular and respiratory system provide oxygen to the body.a. Describe the path of blood through the heart, including arteries and veins. Start at the blood entering the heart from the body. Indicate when blood is oxygenated and deoxygenated.b. Oxygen is transported by hemoglobin. Describe how pH affects the deposition of oxygen in tissues c. What are two sources of oxygen stores in the body to allow for rapid use when undergoing physical exertion? d. Which chamber of the heart is the most muscular, and why?arrow_forwardGas transport in mammalian bodies happens through the alternation of two processes. In the circulatory system gasses are transported by To pass into the tissues gases are transported by ...consilience; ...osmosis () ...circulation; ...active transport ) .conduction; ..diffusion O..convection ...diffusion O O OOarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of the circulatory system of a grasshopper? A. One or more muscular chamber hearts drive blood through the closed circulatory system of the grasshopper. B. The grasshopper has an open circulatory system with a heart that is a peristaltic vessel. C. Because the grasshopper has an open circulatory system, the maximum hemolymph pressures that can be achieved are relatively low, which limits the maximum metabolic rate that can be achieved. D. The grasshopper does not have a specialized circulatory system - instead, its circulatory system consists of the fluid in the body cavity which is circulated by means of the body movements of the animal. E. Both B and C are true of the circulatory system of the grasshopper.arrow_forward
- 8)After blood is “used” by cells, in other words they’ve taken the oxygen, where does it go? Select one: a. Back to the lungs for more oxygen b. Back to the heart and then on to the lungs for more oxygen c. Back to the heart to return to the body for more oxygen d. Back to the capillary beds for more oxygen e. Back to the brain, where the oxygen level is monitoredarrow_forwardWhich statement is true for the heme group present myoglobin: a. Oxygen binding to heme group is influenced by serine residues within proteins’ sequences. b. Oxygen binding to heme can become irreversible as a result of interaction with certain protein residues. c. Oxygen reversibly binds to the heme prostetic group and this binding is influenced by histidine residues within the myoglobin sequence. d. The heme group dissociates from Mb after oxygen is released.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a predicted outcome in a mammal heart that entirely lacks valves? A. Oxygenated and spent (deoxygenated) blood would mix. B. Cardiac output would be lower than that in a normal heart with valves. C. Heart rate would be lower compared with that in a normal heart with valves. D. A-V delay would be longer compared with that in a normal heart with valves. E. The pathways for blood flow to the body and the lungs would be reversed.arrow_forward
- In the vertebrate circulatory system, the large arteries (i.e. the aorta and arteries collectively)... A. are the site of highest blood vessel total cross-sectional area B. have the highest total blood flow C. are the site of exchange between the blood and the tissues D. have the highest blood pressure E. All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following can increase oxygen delivery to an actively metabolizing tissue? A. local reduction in pH in the active tissue B. relaxation of precapillary sphincters within the active tissue C. increased blood pressure as a consequence of tachycardia (that is, increased heart rate) D. increase in the number of open, perfused capillaries in the active tissue E. All of the above answer choices correctly answer the question.arrow_forwardThe difference between the amphibian and mammal hearts is thata. in the amphibian heart, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix completely in the single ventricle.b. in the amphibian heart, there are two SA nodes so that contractions occur simultaneously throughout the heart.c. in the ventricle in the amphibian heart, internal channels reduce mixing of blood.d. in the amphibian heart, only the left aorta pumps oxygen obtained by diffusion through the skinarrow_forward
- Given these characteristics:Matrix composed almost entirely of extracellular collagen fibers. It is able to withstand great pulling forces. Which of the tissue is described? A. Adipose. B.Cartilage. C.Bone. D. Dense connective tissue. E.Loose connective tissue 2. According to Frank-Starling law of the heart, A.increased preload causes increased cardiac output. B.increased afterload causes increased cardiac output. C.decreased preload causes increased afterload. D.afterload influences cardiac output more than preload. E.cardiac output is not influenced by preload.arrow_forwardO2 bound to hemoglobin: a. acts the same as physically dissolved oxygen b. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the oxygen partial pressure c. exerts a partial pressure d. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the acidity (decrease the pH) e. all the options are correct 2. Air convection in mammals is driven by a smaller pressure gradient than blood convection because: a. Bronchioles have a greater resistance to flow than arterioles b. bronchioles tend to have a smaller radius than arterioles and capillaries c. air is easier to move with pressure gradients than blood d. air generally travels farther in your body than does blood e. air is heavier than blood 3. The rate of diffusion of gases is NOT determined by which of the following? a. The area of the surface across which diffusion is occurring b. The mechanical energy…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about vertebrate circulatory systems is not true? A. In mammals, the blood pressure in the aorta is higher than the pressure in the pulmonary artery. B. In fishes, oxygenated blood from the gills returns directly to the heart through the left atrium. C. In birds, deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery. D. In reptiles, the blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower oxygen content than the blood in the aorta. E. In amphibians, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right atrium.arrow_forward
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