BIOLOGY (LL)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264115495
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 22, Problem 8TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Proteins involved in performing many functions that are found in eukaryotic cells are known as actin. Actin plays an important role in muscle contraction and G-actin and F-actin are two forms in which it exists. The comparison of gene sequences in two species in order to find the common gene sequence is a technique of computational biology and is known as sequence homology.
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Which of the following organisms would be the most likely to have identical copies of the Alu
sequence, repeated thousands of times in its genome?
A. the Japanese pufferfish
B. Escherichia coli
C. the chimpanzee
D. Fugu rubripes
E. the mouse
Various strains of bacteria are able to transfer genes to eukaryotic hosts. This process of horizontal gene transfer often results in the formation of enzymes in the host organism that assist in metabolic pathways.
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why bacterial genes are able to successfully transfer genes that produce enzymes in eukaryotic cells?
A - Bacteria and Eukarya have similar mechanisms for the formation and use of enzymes in metabolic processes.
B - Bacteria and Eukarya use the same enzymes in all of their metabolic processes so the genes are interchangeable.
C - Bacteria and Eukarya share similar reproductive mechanisms so the cells reproduce without recognizing foreign DNA.
D - Bacteria and Eukarya have the same mechanism for replicating DNA so genes can easily be transferred between the two types of cells.
The diagram below shows the result of a hybridization experiment between a eukaryotic mRNA and the template strand of its gene. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. This gene contains four exons.
b. The gene’s exons are visible as unpaired DNA loops protruding from the DNA/RNA hybrid.
c. The 5’ end of the RNA strand is on the right side of the drawing.
d. A hybrid between a prokaryotic mRNA and its gene would result in a similar image.
e. the poly-A tail of the mRNA hybridizes with a poly-T stretch in the DNA.
Chapter 22 Solutions
BIOLOGY (LL)
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions What...Ch. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions...Ch. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 22.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22.3 - The Molecular Processes Concept Check: Why do...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1CS
Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22 - Prob. 1TYCh. 22 - Lamarcks vision of evolution differed from Darwins...Ch. 22 - Which of the following scientists influenced...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4TYCh. 22 - Vestigial structures are anatomical structures a....Ch. 22 - Which of the following is an example of a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7TYCh. 22 - Prob. 8TYCh. 22 - Prob. 9TYCh. 22 - Prob. 10TYCh. 22 - Evolution that results in adaptation is rooted in...Ch. 22 - What is convergent evolution? How does it support...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CQCh. 22 - Prob. 1COQCh. 22 - Prob. 2COQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following order of events correctly depicts the Central Dogma as it would occur in an eukaryotic organism? a. DNA --> Protein --> mRNA b. DNA --> Pre-mRNA --> mRNA --> Protein c. mRNA --> DNA --> Protein d. Protein --> DNA --> Pre-mRNA --> mRNA e. DNA --> mRNA --> Proteinarrow_forwardWhat did the Hershey / Chase experiments (above) demonstrate about the molecules responsible for genetic inheritance patterns in the T2 bacteriophage? A. the genetic material consists of carbohydrates, not RNA B. the genetic material consists of protein, not lipids C. the genetic material consists of DNA, not polypeptides D. the genetic material consists of protein, not DNA E. the genetic material consists of lipids, not polypeptidesarrow_forwarde. coli is commonly found in the human Microbiome. while most strains are harmless some can cause various illnesses ranging from urinary track infections to severe gastroenteritis. which of the following is a primary mechanism by which e. coli obtains its pathogenicity? A. Vertical gene transfer from parent to offspring B. Endosymbiosis with other bacteria C. Mutation in the bacterial chromosome D. Horizontal gene transfer from other Bacteria or the environmentarrow_forward
- Horizontal gene transfer probably started soon after endosymbiosis. It has resulted in genes being moved from the mitochondrion to the nucleus. What is a reasonable explanation for why some genes still remain in the mitochondria? A. The products of those genes are rapidly damaged and need to be quickly replaced. B. The products of those genes are not required for organelle function. C. The ability for lateral gene transfer ended about a billion years ago and some genes simply got “stuck” within mitochondria. D. The products of those genes are only needed in the mitochondria.arrow_forward. Which of the following characteristics of chloroplastsand/or mitochondria make them seem more similar tobacterial cells than to eukaryotic cells?a. Translation is sensitive to chloramphenicol anderythromycin.b. Alternate codons are used in mitochondria genes.c. Introns are present in organelle genes.d. DNA in organelles is not arranged innucleosomes.arrow_forwardYou are working in the lab and have measured the size of mRNA that has been transcribed from a particular gene in your cell population. The length of the gene in the cells you are working, measured from the start to the stop sequence is 9000 nucleotides. When you measure the RNA, however, the size is only 3000 nucleotides. What do you think happened? O a. Three DNA base pairs code for one RNA nucleotide. b. mRNA does not contain exons. c. There must have been a deletion mutation in the DNA in these cells. Od. The poly-A tail is present in the DNA but not on the mRNA. Oe. RNA splicing occurred, so introns are removed in the mRNA.arrow_forward
- Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available? a. Catabolism of lactose in protein transcription needs a lot of energy. b. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve enzymes. c. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve energy. d. The reason is conservation of energy for the enzyme. e. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve lactose.arrow_forwardThe above image compares portions of DNA containing globin genes from an ordinary bony fish and an icefish. The genes on the figure are aligned based on - A. the beginning sequence on the chromosome. B. a matching of intron sequences. C. homologous sequences. D. gene function.arrow_forwardResearchers systematically replaced 414 essential genes in yeast with similar genes from humans. Almost half of these transplants (47%) were successful: cells with the humanized gene were able to function and grow. What does this observation tell us about differences between yeast and humans? How might this information be used?arrow_forward
- Explain why the answer is correct. For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organisms, which of the following would one expect to occur? The correct answer is E a) these cells have evolved because they have different DNA because of mutations b) Their endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizing new and/or different proteins. c) These specialized cells activate new genes to synthesize new proteins. d) these organisms have new characteristics because they have acquired new genes. e) all of these are truearrow_forwardThe Perrier1 mutation of Chlamydomonas results in cells unable to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Which of the following is a possible genetic basis for this mutation? A. Defect to a nuclear gene that codes for a mitochondrial protein. B. Defect to a nuclear gene that codes for a cytosolic protein. C. Defect to a mitochondrial gene that codes for nuclear protein. D. Defect to a mitochondrial gene that gets translated on cytosolic ribosomes.arrow_forwardWhat are two reasons that a eukaryotic gene (e.g. Green Fluorescent Protein in jellyfish) will not be expressed if it is inserted into a bacterial genome with no alterations? a. Bacterial genes do not contain introns b. Bacterial promoters have different consensus sequences than eukaryotic ones c. Transcription of this gene is affected by the simultaneous processes of transcription and translation d.arrow_forward
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