Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321948915
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 20PDQ
Many traits of economic or medical significance are determined by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in which many genes, usually scattered throughout the genome, contribute to expression. (a) What general procedures are used to identify such loci? (b) What is meant by the term cosegregate in the context of QTL mapping? Why are markers such as RFLPs, SNPs, and microsatellites often used in QTL mapping?
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ISSR is generally a dominant STS DNA marker. Nonetheless, with validated experimental evidence (e.g. laboratory and population genetics data), the marker can be used in codominance marker genotyping. Briefly explain each case below:
a) Codominant marker targets specific locus and reveals allelic variations in that locus among DNA samples.
b) Dominant marker: primers can complement other repeat sequences or in multiple loci thereby non-specificity in sampled genomes.
Forward Genetics Analysis uses a variety of beneficial approaches to identify never before described genes.
For each of the following approaches or outcomes, briefly (maximum 2 sentences) discuss in your own
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c) Mendelian ratios
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In your attempts to identify a genetic basis for rheumatoid arthritis in humans, you have DNA samples from three large unrelated families in which individuals with varying
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Ch. 23 - A homozygous plant with 20-cm-diameter flowers is...Ch. 23 - The following table shows measurements for fiber...Ch. 23 - The following cable gives the percentage of twin...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1CSCh. 23 - Prob. 2CSCh. 23 - Prob. 3CSCh. 23 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on a...Ch. 23 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 23 - Define the following: (a) polygenic, (b) additive...Ch. 23 - A dark-red strain and a white strain of wheat are...
Ch. 23 - Height in humans depends on the additive action of...Ch. 23 - An inbred strain of plants has a mean height of 24...Ch. 23 - Erma and Harvey were a compatible barnyard pair,...Ch. 23 - In the following table, average differences of...Ch. 23 - What kind of heritability estimates (broad sense...Ch. 23 - List as many human traits as you can that are...Ch. 23 - Corn plants from a test plot are measured, and the...Ch. 23 - The following variances were calculated for two...Ch. 23 - The mean and variance of plant height of two...Ch. 23 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 23 - In an assessment of learning in Drosophila, flies...Ch. 23 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 23 - In a population of 100 inbred, genotypically...Ch. 23 - Many traits of economic or medical significance...Ch. 23 - A 3-inch plant was crossed with a 15-inch plant,...Ch. 23 - In a cross between a strain of large guinea pigs...Ch. 23 - Type A1B brachydactyly (short middle phalanges) is...Ch. 23 - In a series of crosses between two true-breeding...Ch. 23 - Students in a genetics laboratory began an...Ch. 23 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 23 - Canine hip dysplasia is a quantitative trait that...Ch. 23 - Floral traits in plants often play key roles in...Ch. 23 - In 1988, Horst Wilkens investigated blind...
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- a) what feature of the genome is likely to be located between the two LD blocks that allows scientists to visualize them as seperate blocks? b) Even though the fugure analyzes nine different SNPs, genotyping just two of se SNPs would allow you to predict the genotype of almost everyone in the population. Explain why this limited genotyping has predictive value. c) When obtaining the data allowing construction of triangular diagrams, have researchers typically genotyped common SNPs or rare SNPs? Explain.arrow_forwardThe human MN blood group is determined by alleles (M and N) of a single gene that code for twO specific markers found on the surface of red blood cells. These alleles show a codominant pattern of expression. Blood typing of one family shows that the offspring all have the genotype MN. What are the most probable genotypes of the parents in this family? A)MM and NN B)ONN and MN C)MN and MN D)MM and MNarrow_forwardThe majority of GWAS associated variants exist in non-coding regions. This has led to additional challenges in understanding the biological mechanisms behind the trait, as the associated variants may not have a clear impact on gene function. Explain two non-coding mechanisms and how they contribute to genetic variation. In your answer, mention what types of sequencing data would assist in determining whether a non-coding GWAS locus may operate under these mechanisms.arrow_forward
- Forward Genetics Analysis uses a variety of beneficial approaches to identify never before described For each of the following approaches or outcomes, briefly (maximum 2 sentences) discuss in your own words, their purpose in Forward Genetics Analysis. genes. a) Parental cross b) F1 X F1 crossarrow_forwardWhat provides a convenient bridge between the low resolution of a karyotype and the ultra-high resolution of a complete genomic sequence?arrow_forwardHow might the Hardy Weinberg relationship be used to evaluate a new SNP genotyping technology using multiple individuals from a population? Group of answer choices a)If genotypes match the reference genome, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs. b)If observed phenotypes follow Hardy Weinberg, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs. c)If genotypes and allele frequencies follow Hardy Weinberg, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs. d)None of the abovearrow_forward
- What advantages do anonymous DNA markers afford for genetic mapping as opposed to traditional allelic markers associated with visible phenotypes? What are the disadvantages of anonymous DNA markers for mapping?arrow_forward1. a) If you were at risk of a fatal disease such as Huntington’s disease and only the 95% accurate preliminary genetic test was available, would you take the test? After all, 95% of the time the test would tell you whether you would eventually get Huntington’s disease or whether you did not have to worry about getting this disease. b) The linkage distance between the DNA sequence used in the test and the actual Huntington’ disease locus was 5%. In a large sample of the Venezuelan family, what percentage of people would inherit the DNA sequence but not the Huntington’s allele (i.e. be a false positive test for Huntington’s)? What percentage of that large Venezuelan family would not inherit the DNA sequence but would inherit the Huntington’s allele (i.e., be a false negative test for Huntington’s)?arrow_forwardTraditional gene mapping has been applied successfully to a variety of organisms including yeast, fungi, maize, and Drosophila. However, human gene mapping has only recently shared a similar spotlight. What factors have delayed the application of traditional gene-mapping techniques in humans?arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the use of SNP genotyping:(i) in the positional cloning of Mendelian diseasegenes, (ii) in direct QTL mapping, and (iii) in GWAS.arrow_forwardNot all inherited traits are determined by nuclear genes (i.e., genes located in the cell nucleus) that are expressed during the life of an individual. In particular, maternal effect genes and mitochondrial DNA are notable exceptions. With these ideas in mind, let’s consider the cloning of a sheep (e.g., Dolly). A. With regard to maternal effect genes, is the phenotype of such a cloned animal determined by the animal that donated the enucleatedegg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell nucleus? Explain.arrow_forwardWhy does linkage disequilibrium represent an advantage and a disadvantage for mapping genetic variants associated with complex traits?arrow_forward
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