Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with bromine water gives aldonic acid. It is an oxidation reaction. Bromine water is used for this oxidation because it does not oxidize the alcohols group.
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(b)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(c)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(d)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of Tollens reagent
(e)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with reducing agents
Reductions of aldose give a new asymmetric carbon atom formed in either two configurations, resulting in two epimers.
(f)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of aldose with excess
(g)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of aldose with excess
(h)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with reducing agents
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(i)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with given reagents.
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with given reagents is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Ruff degradation is a method which is used to shorten sugar chain. It is a two step process which starts with a bromine-water oxidation of the aldose to its aldonic acid. Then in the second step treatment of aldonic acid with hydrogen peroxide and ferric sulfate oxidizes the carbonyl group to
(j)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with given reagents.
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts given reagents are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The Kiliani Fischer synthesis is a method of lengthening an aldose carbon chain buy adding one carbon atom to the aldehyde end of the aldose.
In Kiliani Fischer synthesis, the first step involves the aldehyde carbon atom is made asymmetric with the formation of cyanohydrin. Then in the second step the hydrogenation of the following cyanohydrin gives two imines, which hydrolyzes to give aldehyde.
(k)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
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EP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -MOD.MASTERING 18W
- 4. Show the product that results from each of the following reactions. a. b. H HOH H OH OH HO OH Br2 H₂O 5. Circle the chiral carbon(s) in each of the following molecules. a. OH ㅆ앗 H₂O*arrow_forwardB. Draw structures for the products in the following reactions. CN XEN CN CN Jo 7⁰ 1. PrMgBr 2. H₂O* 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O* 1. NaOH, Η,Ο, Δ 2.H₂O* NH3 NaOH, H₂O, A 1₂ NaOH, H₂O and workuparrow_forwardAcetal and Hemiacetal formation: c. Acetal/hemiacetal CH 3 ty CH H3C [ a. hemiacetal H3C d. Cyclic hemiacetal Gyertych OH Esterification/Amidation: e. Fisher esterification OH + CH₂OH + H3C CH3 H OH + CH3OH H [H*] H₂SO4 H™ a. hemiacetal b.acetal + H₂Oarrow_forward
- Fill in the box with the missing reagent. OH CI O A. pyridine, SOCI2 О В НС O C. Cl2, heat O D. PCI3arrow_forward25. What are the products of the reaction shown below? CH3OH + CH3C=C¬Na+→ ? a. CH3C=CCH3 + NaOH- b. CH3 C CH + CH30-Na+ c. CH3C=COCH3 + NaOH- d. CH3OC=CH+Na+CH3¯¯ e. no reactionarrow_forwardQuestion 10 Which sugar will yield a single alditol upon reduction? CH2OH Но OH но -H CH2OH A. Sorbose CHO OH он но H Но CH3 B. Rhamnose CH2OH Но H. H OH CH2OH D. Xylulose CH,OH но CH2OH C. Erythrulosearrow_forward
- Determine the products of each carboxylic acid reaction. a. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-ċ-OH + CH3-CH;-OH HO. CH2 b. CH2 `CH2 Heat C-OHarrow_forwardAssign R/S for carbon 3. Attachments Но : A. R B. S ОН 3 ОН IS 6 о 11 10 ОН ||arrow_forwardWhat is the product of the following reaction? 1. EIOH/H* 2. TsCl/pyridine 3. CH,C(O)O Na* Me Et H. AcO Me, OAc EtO Me Et, OEt Et. Er Mo Et Pr Me OEt EtO Pr OAc AcO H. A B D question 8 B.arrow_forward
- Considering the molecule D-Galactose below, HO HO- a. H b. C. H- CHO -OH -H -H -OH CH₂OH Would this sugar form a silver mirror in the Tollens' Test? When the second bottom hydroxyl group in D-galactose attacks the carbonyl carbon, it forms a ring. How many atoms are in this ring? d. Is the ring closure an example of nucleophilic addition, or nucleophilic substitution? Which galactose molecule is the naturally occurring sugar?arrow_forwardWhich ester can be easily condensed with sodium ethoxide to produce B-keto ester? Ph-C-OEt CH3-CH, C-OEt В. CH,-CH-C-OEt С. CH, 0 ҫ Н D. °f" A. 8 ČH, Öarrow_forwardDraw the product formed when pentanal (CH;CH,CH2CH;CHO) is treated with each reagent. With some reagents, no reaction occurs. a. NaBH4, CH,OH b. [1] LIAIH4; (2] H20 c. H2, Pd-C d. PCC e. NazCr,07, H2SO4, H2O f. Ag,0, NH,OH g. [1) CH,MgBr; (2] H2O h. [1] CęH,Li; [2] H20 i. [1] (CH3),CuLi; (2] H2O j. [1] HC=CNa; [2] H2O k. [1] CH;C=CLi; [2] H2O I. The product in (a), then TBDMS-CI, imidazolearrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning