Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with bromine water gives aldonic acid. It is an oxidation reaction. Bromine water is used for this oxidation because it does not oxidize the alcohols group.
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(b)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(c)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(d)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of Tollens reagent
(e)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with reducing agents
Reductions of aldose give a new asymmetric carbon atom formed in either two configurations, resulting in two epimers.
(f)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of aldose with excess
(g)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of aldose with excess
(h)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with reducing agents
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(i)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with given reagents.
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with given reagents is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Ruff degradation is a method which is used to shorten sugar chain. It is a two step process which starts with a bromine-water oxidation of the aldose to its aldonic acid. Then in the second step treatment of aldonic acid with hydrogen peroxide and ferric sulfate oxidizes the carbonyl group to
(j)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with given reagents.
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts given reagents are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The Kiliani Fischer synthesis is a method of lengthening an aldose carbon chain buy adding one carbon atom to the aldehyde end of the aldose.
In Kiliani Fischer synthesis, the first step involves the aldehyde carbon atom is made asymmetric with the formation of cyanohydrin. Then in the second step the hydrogenation of the following cyanohydrin gives two imines, which hydrolyzes to give aldehyde.
(k)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MASTERINGCHEM ACCESS
- CH2OH 10. What type of linkage is found in this carbohydrate? CH2OH CH-O H А. O-1,4 В. В-1,4 CH-O CH OH С. о-2,4 D. B-2,4 CH-CH OH E. None of these is correct. OH CH-CH ČH2OHarrow_forwardWhich of the following sugars is the enantiomer of structure A? H- -HO- но- H- Но- ČH2OH A Н. H. H. H. H- OH но- -H H- ОН но- H. но- H ОН H- HO- H- но -H но- H- H- - HO- H- ОН H- OH H- ОН CH2OH ČH2OH CH2OH ČH2OH 1 2 3 4 Select one: а. 4 b. 2 С. None of the above d. 1 е. 3 I I エエarrow_forwardB. Draw structures for the products in the following reactions. CN XEN CN CN Jo 7⁰ 1. PrMgBr 2. H₂O* 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O* 1. NaOH, Η,Ο, Δ 2.H₂O* NH3 NaOH, H₂O, A 1₂ NaOH, H₂O and workuparrow_forward
- TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 16) The carbohydrate shown below represents a disacharide. QH ÇH,OH QH H. H H. OH OH OHarrow_forwardAcetal and Hemiacetal formation: c. Acetal/hemiacetal CH 3 ty CH H3C [ a. hemiacetal H3C d. Cyclic hemiacetal Gyertych OH Esterification/Amidation: e. Fisher esterification OH + CH₂OH + H3C CH3 H OH + CH3OH H [H*] H₂SO4 H™ a. hemiacetal b.acetal + H₂Oarrow_forwardIf carbohydrate A undergoes mutarotation, which carbohydrate could be formed? НОН OH HO но HOH ОН H. HOH OH HOH H H. H. Но HO но HO- Но Но А -H- H. н он - OH ÓH H H. OH НО Он H. H OH OH -0 Но HO но H -H- H- OH OH OH HO- H. OH H H. H Но но OHarrow_forward
- エ子士 Cuo CHO CHO H OU OM 91. CM OM CHyOH CH3OM CHO CHo UH- 04 H- CHO OM O4 DH M. OH OH CHCH CH, OH CHGOM 2. Indicate which stereosiomers of D-arabinose are a. enantiomers of D- arabinose b. diastereomers of D- arabinose c. epimers of D- arabinose d. have the L-configuration 3. Indicate which structure above is L- arabinose 4. Determine the R/S configuration of each stereocenter on D- arabinosearrow_forwardWhat are products of the following reactions?arrow_forwardWhich of the do/does not rotate the plane of polarized light? a. 3-methyloctane b. (-)-lactic acid c. None of the choices d. (+)-glucose e. (±)-sucrosearrow_forward
- 25. What are the products of the reaction shown below? CH3OH + CH3C=C¬Na+→ ? a. CH3C=CCH3 + NaOH- b. CH3 C CH + CH30-Na+ c. CH3C=COCH3 + NaOH- d. CH3OC=CH+Na+CH3¯¯ e. no reactionarrow_forwardHelp me undestand the difference between the "same" and "an insomer"arrow_forwardI need help with thisarrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning