Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Types of given reaction should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Electrophile (negative-charge loving): A molecule or ion that accepts a pair of electrons to make a new covalent bond is called an electrophile.
Electrophiles are neutral or positively charged species, having vacant orbitals and attracted electron towards itself.
Electrophilic substitution reactions: an electrophile replaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not always, a hydrogen atom.
Electrophilic
Nucleophiles (positive-charge loving): A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond.
The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.
Nucleophilic Substitution reaction: electron rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partially positive charge of an atom and replace a leaving group is called Nucleophilic Substitution reaction.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First (Comp. Instructor's)
- Butanone is a four carbon compound with the functional group:(a) carboxylic acid(b) aldehyde(c) ketone(d) alcoholarrow_forwardWrite an equation for each of the following reactions. Use molecular and structural formulas and classify the reaction as combustion, addition, substitution, hydrogenation, or hydration. (c) Acetylene and oxygen react. (d) 3-methyl-1-butyne reacts with excess hydrogen.arrow_forwardGive an example reaction that would yield the following products. Name the organic reactant and product in each reaction. (a)alkane (b)monohalogenated alkanearrow_forward
- Write an equation for each of the following reactions. Use molecular and structural formulas and classify the reaction as combustion, addition, substitution, hydrogenation, or hydration. (a) Octane burns with oxygen gas (b) 2-methyl-1-pentene reacts with hydrogen.arrow_forward(1) Write a complete chemical equation showing reactants, products, and catalysts needed (if any) for the following reaction and (2) Draw and name the organic compound found in every reaction. (a) Complete hydrogenation of 2-Methylhexa-1,5-diene (b) Complete halogenation (Br2) of 3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylhept-3-ene (c) Reaction of (4E)-2.4-Dimethylhexa-1,4-diene with a mole of water (d) Reaction of cis-3,3-Dimethyl-4-propylocta-1,5-diene with two mole of HBr (e) Reaction of trans-1-Bromo-3-chlorocyclopentane with potassium hydroxide (f) Formation of Gilman reagent using isopropyl bromide (g) Ozonolysis of 3,3-Dimethyloct-4-yne (h) Complete halogenation (Cl2) of 3-Ethyl-5-methyl-1,6,8-decatriyne (i) Partial hydrogenation using Lindlar's Catalyst 2,2,5,5-Tetramethylhex-3-yne (i) Reaction of 3.4-Dimethylcyclodecyne with sodium amidearrow_forwardWrite balanced equations for the following reactions. Usestructural formulas to represent the organic compounds.(a) The complete combustion (to CO2 and H2O) of cyclopropanol(b) The reaction of isopropyl acetate with water to give acetic acid and isopropanol(c) The dehydration of ethanol to give ethene(d) The reaction of 1-iodobutane with water to give 1-butanolarrow_forward
- 5.Write the structural formula of the ester that, when hydrolyzed, would yield the following:(a) methanol and propanoic acid(b) 1-octanol and acetic acid (c) ethanol and butanoic acidarrow_forwardWrite the condensed structural formula for each of thefollowing compounds: (a) 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, (b) methylphenyl ketone, (c) para-bromobenzoic acid, (d) butyl ethylether, (e) N,N-dimethylbenzamide.arrow_forwardThe foul odor of rancid butter is caused by butyric acid, CH3CH2CH2CO2H.(a) Draw the Lewis structure and determine the oxidation number and hybridization for each carbon atom in the molecule.(b) The esters formed from butyric acid are pleasant-smelling compounds found in fruits and used in perfumes. Draw the Lewis structure for the ester formed from the reaction of butyric acid with 2-propanol.arrow_forward
- Identify which of the following statement(s) is/are true. (f) Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters all contain a carbonyl group. (g) A compound with the molecular formula of C3H6O may be either an aldehyde, a ketone, or a carboxylic acid. (h) Bond angles about the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an ester are all approximately 109.5°. (i) The molecular formula of the smallest aldehyde is C3H6O, and that of the smallest ketone is also C3H6O. (j) The molecular formula of the smallest carboxylic acid is C2H4O2.arrow_forwardIs the reaction between an alkene and a halogen a substitution reaction(displacement reaction) or another reaction? Explain the reaction mechanism by giving an example.arrow_forward(a) Alkenes are relatively stable compounds but are more reactive than alkanes and serve as a feedstock for the petrochemical industry because they can participate in a wide variety of reactions. Predict the products obtained from following reaction. Write the chemical reaction and name the products according to IUPAC system. (i) the reaction of 3-ethyl-3-methyl-1-pentene with hydrogen bromide (ii) the reaction of 3-ethyl-2-pentene with hydrogen bromidearrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning