Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The equation for the given reaction is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A biochemical reaction refers to a
(b)
Interpretation:
The equation for a coupled reaction is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The term hydrolysis refers to a chemical reaction which takes place when water ruptures one or more chemical bonds. In case of biological hydrolysis, the cleavage of biomolecules takes place in such a way that the larger molecules get break down to smaller ones. The term coupled reactions refer to a pair of reactions that take place together. Although these reactions are represented in the form of two different chemical reactions, but they are actually a single chemical reaction.
(c)
Interpretation:
The change in energy of the coupled reaction is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The term coupled reactions refer to a pair of reactions that take place together. Although these reactions are represented in the form of two different chemical reactions, but they are actually a single chemical reaction.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
CONNECT IA GENERAL ORGANIC&BIO CHEMISTRY
- Stearic acid is the common name for the C18 straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. Draw the structure of the fatty acyl-CoA that this forms (you don't have to draw out all of the atoms in coenzyme A; you can represent it as S-, and then show all of the reactions). Draw & identify all of the compounds formed when the eighteen carbon fat is converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA and the fourteen-carbon fat via two turns of the fatty acid spiral. List the enzymes and coenzymes that are part of the pathway.arrow_forwardWhy does Glycolysis only release a small amount of the total available energy that can be harvested from glucose?arrow_forwardDetermine the direction that each of the reactions will progress. Assume that the reactants and products are present in equimolar amounts. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is –30.5 kJ/mol. fructose+ATP ____fructose 6‑phosphate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for fructose 6‑phosphate is −15.9 kJ/mol. 3‑phosphoglycerate+ATP___1,3‑bisphosphoglycerate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for 1,3‑bisphosphoglycerate is −49.3 kJ/mol. creatine+ATP___creatine phosphate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for creatine phosphate is –43.0 kJ/mol.arrow_forward
- GLYCOLYSIS: 1A) Starting with glucose (in the open-chain Fisher projection), draw out the molecular structures for each step of glycolysis. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 1B) What is the net reaction of glycolysis? CITRIC ACID CYCLE: 2A) Starting with acetyl-coenzymeA and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structures for each step of the citric acid cycle. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 2B) What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH2 and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH₂ to O₂ during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is…arrow_forwardEstimate the number of ATP molecules produced from a 15-gram glucose. (Molar mass glucose = 180.16 g/mol).arrow_forward1- Find the amount of energy released (in kcal) by: • 1 gram of proteins • 1 gram of carbohydrates • 1 gram of fatsarrow_forward
- Short answer questions. You must show work indicating production or consumption of molecules such as ATP or NADH in the various pathways involved in these questions. Consider that a molecule of alanine can be converted to pyruvate by an oxidation reaction that produces one NADH. If the liver is to make a molecule of glucose from alanine, how many molecules of alanine are required? How many ATP equivalents are required?arrow_forwardWhen the following reaction reached equilibrium the concentration of glucose 1-phosphate is 34mM, and the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is 190mM. At standard temperatures and pressure, calculate the Keq and the ΔGo' glucose 6-phosphate <---(phosphoglucoisomerase)---> glucose 1-phosphate Keq= ΔGo' =arrow_forwardGlycerol kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol from ATP, yielding glycerol-3-phosphate and ADP. The standard state free energy for hydrolysis of glycerol-3- phosphate is -9.20 kj/mol and for the hydrolysis of ATP is-30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate the standard-state free energy change and equilibrium constant for the glycerol kinase reaction at 37 *C. AG kj/mol Keq Submit Answer Try Another Version 10 item attempts remainingarrow_forward
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