What is Life? A Guide to Biology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464135958
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Co
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Chapter 23, Problem 2SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
How the structure and roles of neurons and glial cells compare with each other.
Introduction:
Neurons are the cells of the nervous system that carry electrical signals, while the glial cells are the cells that support the neurons.
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Describe neurons and glia, the cells that constitute the nervous system.
This is a biology question regarding nerve impulses.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a condition where tumours can grow in the nerves near the skin. The growth of tumours prevents the action potentials from quickly travelling through the neurons. Identify the nerve structure from the image below and the division of the nervous system affected by neurofibromatosis type 1.
CNS = Central Nervous System
PNS = Peripheral Nervous System
Select one:
a.
Nerve Structure
Division of Nervous System
3
PNS
b.
Nerve Structure
Division of Nervous System
4
CNS
c.
Nerve Structure
Division of Nervous System
5
PNS
d.
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Division of Nervous System
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CNS
Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the functions of these parts.
Chapter 23 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology
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- Compare and contrast the two main types of neural circuits in the central nervous system?arrow_forwardVisit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervetissue3) to learn about how nervous tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells. Neurons are dynamic cells with the ability to make a vast number of connections, to respond incredibly quickly to stimuli, and to initiate movements on the basis of those stimuli. They are the focus of intense research because failures in physiology can lead to devastating illnesses. Why are neurons only found in animals? Based on what this article says about neuron function, why wouldn't they be helpful for plants or microorganisms?arrow_forwardThe presence of an electrical gradient is responsible for both the resting membrane potential and the action potential in the neuron.a. In this case who is responsible for maintaining the electric gradient to produce a potential for the resting membrane?b. Explain what is meant by an electrical gradient in the context of a cell (neuron)!arrow_forward
- Name the three basic types of neuron and describe their functions.arrow_forwardFor the nervous system to convey information using electrical signals, the signals typically must be passed from one neuron to another. Oftentimes, this transfer of information across the synapse occurs via the release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic terminal. When a large stimulus is detected in one neuron, it often conveys this information by releasing a larger amount of neurotransmitter into the synapse.arrow_forwardConsider the following image that shows the membrane potential in a neuron when it is transmitting an electrical signal: 2 1 What does arrow "1" represent? The hyperpolarization potential The threshold potential The resting membrane potential The action potentialarrow_forward
- Because the long axons of neurons look like electrical wires, and both neurons and electrical wires conduct electricity, it is tempting to equate the two. Compare and contrast the functioning of axons and electrical wires in terms of their structure and the nature of the electrical signals they conduct. Please include references.arrow_forwardCan someone help explain the differences between glial cells and neurons in terms of their structure and function.arrow_forwardBriefly discuss each function of the following parts of the neuron:a. Dendritesb. Cell bodyc. Axonarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the abilities of the central and peripheral nervous systems to repair and regenerate upon injury. Describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neuronal repair in the central and peripheral nervous systems and discuss the differences in ability to repair. Use figures and diagrams to illustrate your answer (This is a neuroscience question)arrow_forwardList down how many ways can arrange the parts of the structure of nervous system.arrow_forwardDemyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement. Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.arrow_forward
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