Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The formation of
Concept introduction:
The replacement or substitution of one
The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge or have a deficiency of electrons are known as an electrophile.
In an electrophilic
In electrophilic aromatic substitution, if the ring bears several substituents, then the orientation is controlled by the most activating substituent.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LL)-W/SOLN.>CUSTOM<
- Dehydrohalogenation of alkylhalides always gives more than one product. Using 3-methyl 2-butyl chloride, explain this observation.arrow_forwardDehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides lead to the formation of more than one product. Using 3-methyl-3-butyl chloride, explain the observation.arrow_forwardWrite the etherification reactions of isopropyl bromide and 2-bromo-1-nitropropane with phenol . Which reaction takes place faster and why?arrow_forward
- In an aqueous solution containing sodium bicarbonate, aniline reacts quickly with bromine to give 2,4,6-tribromoaniline. Nitration of aniline requires very strong conditions, however, and the yields (mostly m-nitroaniline) are poor.Explain why nitration of aniline is so sluggish and why it gives mostly metasubstitution.arrow_forwardA solution of acetone [(CH3)2C=O] in ethanol (CH3CH2OH) in the presence of a trace of acid was allowed to stand for several days, and a new compound of molecular formula C7H16O2 was formed. The IR spectrum showed only one major peak in the functional group region around 3000 cm−1, and the 1H NMR spectrum is given here. What is the structure of the product?arrow_forwardWhat would the major organic reaction product be from the reaction of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclopentane withsodium hydroxide? Would the elimination reaction outcome be affected if a student accidentally adds sodium tertbutoxide instead of sodium hydroxide?arrow_forward
- Because bromocyclohexane is a secondary alkyl halide, both cyclohexanol and cyclohexene are formed when the alkyl halide reacts with hydroxide ion. Suggest a method to synthesize cyclohexanol from bromocyclohexane that forms little or no cyclohexene.arrow_forwardWhen 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is treated with a base, a mixture of 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1- butene is produced. When potassium hydroxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 45% of the product mixture. However, when potassium tert-butoxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 70% of the product mixture. What percent of 2-methyl-1-butene would be in the mixture if potassium propoxide were the base? base Br A. Less than 45% B. C. 45% Between 45% and 70% D. More than 70%arrow_forwardThe following reaction was performed as part of a research program sponsored by the National Institutes of Health to develop therapeutic agents for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Using what you have seen about the reactions of halogens with alkenes, propose a mechanism for this process.arrow_forward
- 1. When cyclopentene is allowed to react with bromine in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, the products of the reaction are trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane, trans-1-bromo-2-chlorocyclopentane, and trans-2-bromo-1-cyclopentanol. Write mechanisms to account for the formation of all these products.arrow_forwardA student added an equivalent of 3,4-epoxy-4-methylcyclohexanol to a solution of methylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether, and then added dilute hydrochloric acid. He expected that the product would be 1,2-dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanediol. He did not get any of the expected product. What product did he get?arrow_forward7. Compound X is an alcohol. Upon oxidation by acidify potassium permanganate, a ketone, Y is formed. X reacts with phosphorous bromide (PBR3) to give Z which is then purified and reflux in dry ether along with Mg metal to form a Grignard reagent, S. S is then treated with Y to yield 3,4-di methyl-3-hexanol after hydrolysis in dilute HCI. Identify X,Y, Z and S. Write all the chemical equations for the reaction involved.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning