Biochemistry (Looseleaf)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114800
Author: BERG
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 23, Problem 36P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The name of amino acids that needs an enzyme complex similar to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex should be given. Also, the name of that enzyme complex should be given.
Concept introduction:
Amino acids can be defined as the organic compounds which combine to form proteins. Proteins act as the building blocks of life. When proteins are broken down then amino acids are left behind. Amino acids are of two types: glucogenic amino acid and ketogenic amino acid. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA.
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The malate aspartate shuttle plays many roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Malate can be transferred into the cytosol and interconverted in one enzymatic step to produce [oxaloacetate/glucose/PEP/pyruvate] for use in the pathway of [glycolysis/gluconeogenesis]. A product of the urea cycle, derived from aspartate, can also be converted to malate in one enzymatic step and shuttled into the mitochondria so that the urea cycle product can be used in [fatty acid synthesis/the citric acid cycle/β-oxidation]. The amino group from aspartate can be transferred to [oxalacetate/malate/fumarate/pyruvate/a- ketoglutarate] to form glutamate, which is then transported into the mitochondria. In fact many amino acids are transaminated in this way to form glutamate in the cytosol. In this way, incoming amino acids from the bloodstream can be shuttled into the liver mitochondria as glutamate for conversion by glutamate dehydrogenase to [glutamate/a-ketoglutarate…
. Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in
mammals), as shown.
Explain the primary purpose of these reactions.
Describe the major biochemical features of each reaction
Fill in the blanks. Acetaminophen toxicity can occur at high doses in the liver. because ___________ (what type of molecules?) can become saturated and other routes of metabolism take over.Please explain to me what the correct molecule(?) is and why it is correct. I understand that the glucuronidation and sulfation conjugation pathways become saturated, but am not understanding what molecule(s) it is/are that is/are becoming saturated leading to the other routes of metabolism and acetaminophen toxicity.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biochemistry (Looseleaf)
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1PCh. 23 - Prob. 2PCh. 23 - Prob. 3PCh. 23 - Prob. 4PCh. 23 - Prob. 5PCh. 23 - Prob. 6PCh. 23 - Prob. 7PCh. 23 - Prob. 8PCh. 23 - Prob. 9PCh. 23 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 23 - Prob. 11PCh. 23 - Prob. 12PCh. 23 - Prob. 13PCh. 23 - Prob. 14PCh. 23 - Prob. 15PCh. 23 - Prob. 16PCh. 23 - Prob. 17PCh. 23 - Prob. 18PCh. 23 - Prob. 19PCh. 23 - Prob. 20PCh. 23 - Prob. 21PCh. 23 - Prob. 22PCh. 23 - Prob. 23PCh. 23 - Prob. 24PCh. 23 - Prob. 25PCh. 23 - Prob. 26PCh. 23 - Prob. 27PCh. 23 - Prob. 28PCh. 23 - Prob. 29PCh. 23 - Prob. 30PCh. 23 - Prob. 31PCh. 23 - Prob. 32PCh. 23 - Prob. 33PCh. 23 - Prob. 34PCh. 23 - Prob. 35PCh. 23 - Prob. 36PCh. 23 - Prob. 37PCh. 23 - Prob. 38PCh. 23 - Prob. 39PCh. 23 - Prob. 40PCh. 23 - Prob. 41PCh. 23 - Prob. 42PCh. 23 - Prob. 43PCh. 23 - Prob. 44PCh. 23 - Prob. 45PCh. 23 - Prob. 46PCh. 23 - Prob. 47PCh. 23 - Prob. 48PCh. 23 - Prob. 49P
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