Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 4.1P
To determine
Change in inventories, real
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Which of the following statements is correct?
A)Actual investment equals planned investment when inventories are declining.
B)Actual investment equals planned investment when inventories rise.
C)Actual investment and planned investment are always equal.
D)Actual investment will equal planned investment when there is no unplanned change in inventories.
in 2019 fiscal year estimated that Ghanaians saved 20 percent of their disposable income; however, due to overconsumption in the previous year, autonomous saving for 2019 was negative 100 million Ghana cedis. The government of Ghana imposed a lump sum tax of Gh ₡ 20 million. In addition to the lump sum tax the government also took 20 percent of all incomesearned in the economy in the form of proportional tax. The total government expenditure was GH ₡50 million in 2019. Total investment recorded for 2019 was 66 million.
(A) Determine the tax function for this economy, derive the consumption function based on the above information and write out the aggregate demand equation
(b) Determine the equilibrium consumption and calculate the value of the government expenditure multiplier for this economy and interpret your result
(c) Calculate the total tax revenue to the government
During the 2012 fiscal year, households in an economy spent 80 per cent of their disposable income on consumption as well as GH¢300 consumption expenditure which is independent of income. Total government expenditure which stood at GH¢800 was supposed to be financed from a proportional tax levy of 50 per cent of national income and a VAT of GH¢100. Total private investment spending was made up of GH¢400 whereas export was GH¢400 and anautonomous import of GH¢500. Also, marginal propensity to import was 0.15
Determine the equilibrium national income for this economy.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
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- During the 2012 fiscal year, households in an economy spent 80 per cent of their disposable income on consumption as well as GH¢300 consumption expenditure which is independent of income. Total government expenditure which stood at GH¢800 was supposed to be financed from a proportional tax levy of 50 per cent of national income and a VAT of GH¢100. Total private investment spending was made up of GH¢400 whereas export was GH¢400 and anautonomous import of GH¢500. Also, marginal propensity to import was 0.15.1. Determine the equilibrium national income for this economy.2. Determine the consumption and savings levels at equilibrium national income.3. Find the size of the (expenditure) multiplier.4. Determine the new equilibrium level of income if government expenditure increases by GH¢70.5. If full employment output is 2000, what macroeconomic problem does this economy face? 6. In what direction should government expenditure change in order to achieve full employment output? 7. Determine…arrow_forwardHome equity is the single largest component of net wealth for most families in the United States. If home equity falls a. autonomous consumption will decrease, shifting the aggregate planned expenditure line downward b. the marginal propensity to consume will decrease, decreasing the slope of the aggregate planned expenditure line c. autonomous consumption will increase, shifting the aggregate planned expenditure line upward d. the marginal propensity to consume will decrease, increasing the slope of the aggregate planned expenditure line e. autonomous consumption will decrease, shifting the aggregate planned expenditure line upwardarrow_forwardIf MPC is zero, the level of value of investment multiplier in a two sector economy will be a. Zero b. One c. Infinite d. Cannot be determined with the given informationarrow_forward
- In what direction will each of the following occurrences shift the investment demand curve, other things equal? a. An increase in unused production capacity occurs. b. Business taxes decline. c. The cost of equipment fall. d. Widespread pessimism arises about future business conditions and sales revenue. e. A major new technological breakthrough creates prospects for a wide range of profitable new products.arrow_forwardAssuming you are the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning for Nigeria, in charge of Fiscal Policy. The Research Director of the Ministry brought you the following data on Nigeria’s for the previous fiscal year, 2021. An examination of the data reveals that, during the fiscal year 2021, households in Nigeria saved 20% of their disposable income (Yd) and spent the rest on consumption. In addition, ₦5,000.00 was spent on Consumption expenditure (C), which is independent of income and Gross Private Investment (I) was ₦ 7,000.00. Total Government expenditure (G) which stood at ₦8,000.00 was supposed to be financed by a lump sum tax of ₦2,000.00 (independent of income) and a proportional tax rate of 25% of national income. Exports (X) stood at ₦2,500.00. In addition, the country’s import (M) during the previous fiscal year comprises of ₦1,000.00 which was independent of the country’s national income and 10% which was dependent of the country’s national income. Given these data on…arrow_forwardIf the consumption function is of the form C = 80 + 0.4Yd, the MPS equals Select one: A. -0.6. B. -0.4. C. 0.4. D. 0.6. Given an MPC equal to 0.9, a decrease in business investment expenditures by RM25 billion translates into Select one: A. an increase of agregate output by RM250 billion B. a decrease of aggregate output by RM25 billion C. an increase of aggregate output by RM250 billion D. a decrease of aggregate output by RM250 billion When income is equal to zero, consumption is equal to Select one: A. induced consumption B. aggregate consumption C. autonomous consumption D. endogeneous consumption If the MPC in a country is 0.8, the simple Keynesian multiplier would be Select one: A. 0.8 B. 1.8 C. 0.2 D. 5.0 Which of the following is multiplier formula? Select one: A. 1/MPC B. 1/MPS C. 1/APC D. 1/APSarrow_forward
- Suppose that a certain country has an MPC of .9 and a real GDP of $400 billion. If its investment spending decreases by $4 billion, what will be its new level of real GDP?arrow_forwardIf business managers become more optimistic about future sales and profits, then there will be O no movement along or shift of the investment function an upward shift of the investment function a downward shift of the investment function a leftward movement along the investment function O a rightward movement along the investment function Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forwardA country has an initial real output of $162 Billion. What would the final output be expected to be if:a. The government spends $15 billion on infrastructure and the MPC of the country is 0.35b. The government reduces taxes by $3.5 billion and the MPW of the country is 0.75c. The government makes no changes to taxes or spending.d. The government decreases spending nationwide by $9 billion in a country where people are likely to withdraw 60 cents on every new dollar of income.arrow_forward
- In an economy MPC equals to 0.85 if investment is increased by $20 how more would be the increase in incomearrow_forwardThe Bureau of economic analysis announced today that gross domestic product, the widest measure economic activity, grew in a meager 0.9% annualized rate in the third quarter compared to the first six months of 2018 the US economy in the first 3 quarters of 2019 grew just 1.6%, a pronounced slow down relative to the 3.9% growth in the second half of 2018. Some of this slowdown can be explained by a negative contribution from inventory investment, which contracted 0.9% in the third quarter. There’s plenty to worry about in this report, as it showed us Retail sales Fell for the first time in seven months in September, although overall consumer spending which comprises about 66% of the US GDP activity was up 0 .4%. Capacity utilization also decreased 0.4% in the third quarter to 74.5%.1. Write a phrase from the article that speaks to change in household consumption in the third quarter in 2019. 2. From the information in this article, did household consumption increase or decrease in the…arrow_forwardThe marginal propensity to consume is defined as: Question 64 options: the ratio of change in consumption on both domestic and foreign items to the change in income average consumption as a proportion of income the ratio of the change in consumption on domestic items to the change in income the change in consumption on domestic items multiplied by the change in income the change in consumption on domestic and foreign items multiplied by the change in incomearrow_forward
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