Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The intermediate in the citric acid cycle containingone chiral center is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The citric acid cycle is a part of
(b)
Interpretation:
The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a tertiary alcohol is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide so as to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
Loose Leaf for General, Organic and Biological Chemistry with Connect 2 Year Access Card
- Glucagon secretion increases (A) After a carbohydrate-rich meal (B) After a fat-rich meal (C) When blood glucose is high (D) When blood glucose is lowarrow_forwardWhich process below produces FADH2? The citric acid cycle The conversion of pyruvate Oxidative Phosphorylation O Glycolysisarrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.arrow_forward
- A portion of the citric acid cycle is shown below. What are the identities of A and B? citrate → A→isocitrate → B A = cis-aconitate; B = a-ketoglutarate A = malate; B = fumarate A = cis-aconitate; B = oxaloacetate A = a-ketoglutarate; B = succinate A = succinate; B = a-ketoglutaratearrow_forward(a) Convert the ball-and-stick model of A, one of the eight synthetic intermediates in the citric acid cycle, to a structural formula, and name the compound. (b) What is the immediate precursor of A in the citric acid cycle; that is, what compound forms A as a reaction product? (c) What compound is formed from A in the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardThe enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is part of the pentose pathway for glucose oxidation. What enzyme that is involved in glucose oxidation by the citric acid cycle has a very similar reaction mechanism to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase? A) isocitrate dehydrogenase B) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase C) succinate dehydrogenase D) malate dehydrogenase E) pyruvate dehydrogenase (99+ RATI aarrow_forward
- Glucose-6-phosphate detours to the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway in erythrocytes because: Question 73 options: A) They lack mitochondria making them incapable of the TCA cycle B) They lack endoplasmic reticulum making them incapable of the TCA cycle C) Erythrocytes have no energy needs D) Erythrocytes utilize glucose directly for energyarrow_forwardFatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates in the body as the following reaction is not possible. (A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose (B) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate O(C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate (D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acidsarrow_forwardConsider this chemical reaction. What chemical is the oxidizing agent? COO™ HIC-H HIC-H FAD FADH₂ COO™ succinate FADH2 succinate FAD fumarate succinate dehydrogenase COO™ H-C -H COO fumaratearrow_forward
- Fatty acids and triglycerides are an important source of nutrition and a dense form of stored energy. Digestion of fats yields more energy per gram than digestion of carbohydrates. Each turn on the B-oxidation spiral results in the formation of a new acetyl COA molecule. This molecule can then be used to generate more energy in A) fatty acid synthesis B) ketolysis C) glycolysis D) tricarboxylic acid cycle E) oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardGlucose 6-phosphate is in a pivotal position in metabolism. Depending on conditions, glucose 6-phosphate follows one of several pathways. Under what conditions do the following occur?(a) Glycolysis(b) Hydrolysis to free glucose(c) Pentose phosphate pathway(d) Glycogenesisarrow_forward4. Identify each of the following as reduction or oxidation (briefly explain your reasoning): (a) NADH – NAD+ + H* + 2e- (b) FAD + 2H* + 2e- → FADH, 5. How does each of the following regulate the citric acid cycle? (a) High levels of ATP (b) Low levels of NADHarrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,