HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134714837
Author: Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 5RQ

Define each of the following terms and explain its physiological significance:

  1. a. melanocortins
  2. b. osteoporosis
  3. c. hydroxyapatite
  4. d. mineralocorticoid
  5. e. trabecular bone
  6. f. POMC
  7. g. epiphyseal plates
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a) Describe age-associated changes in human bone and their consequences in terms of physiological function  b) Discuss how keeping physically active may help to maintain physiological function in human bone during the ageing process
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the activation of certain signal transduction pathways causes calcium to be removed from bones, leaving them brittle and more likely to break under moderate pressure. Current research suggests that osteoporosis can be initiated under conditions of low cal- cium intake in order to increase the availability of calcium for other biological roles in the body. Which of the following describes the conditions that would be most likely to initiate osteoporosis? A B с D insufficient amounts of calcium to allow the replication of DNA molecules during cell division insufficient amounts of calcium to maintain the membrane potential established by the sodium-potassium pump insufficient amounts of calcium ions to facilitate efficient transduction of neuronal signals insufficient amounts of calcium to be used in the fixation stage of the Krebs cycle in photosynthesis
Arrange the following in their proper chronological sequence.  A. Cartilage remains in 2 areas, articular and epiphyseal plates. B. Chondrocytes at the core enlarge and degenerate, leaving behind confluent spaces. C. Osteoclast create perforations on subperiosteal bone collar followed by periosteal bud. D. Epiphyseal plates grow at epiphyseal end while diaphyseal end is replaced by bone.  AB. Epiphyses filled with bone tissue. AC. Osteoclast resorb calcified cartilage wall to enlarge primitive marrow cavity. AD. Periosteum formation AE. Subperiosteal bone collar formation |BC. Vascularization of epiphyses BD. Vascularization of mid diaphysis of hyaline cartilage model
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