CUSTOMIZED LAB MANUAL FOR BIOLOGY 1406
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781307716474
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 23.1, Problem 4LO
Predict outcome ratios and probabilities for problems based on Mendelian patterns of inheritance.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
CUSTOMIZED LAB MANUAL FOR BIOLOGY 1406
Ch. 23.1 - Describe how Mendel's law of segregation and law...Ch. 23.1 - Define the term allele, and explain what it means...Ch. 23.1 - Contrast genotype and phenotype, and use...Ch. 23.1 - Predict outcome ratios and probabilities for...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 23.1 - 2. Decide the reasons listed in the feature, what...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 23.1 - Distinguish between the terms genotype and...Ch. 23.1 - Explain the purpose of testcross.Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3CYP
Ch. 23.1 - Describe the types of process that result in a 3:1...Ch. 23.2 - Recognize autosomal dominant and autosomal...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Describe the characteristics of a Pedigree for an...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Describe polygenic inheritance.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Understand how scientists determine the effect of...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 23 - Prob. C2BYBCh. 23 - Prob. S5.4BYBCh. 23 - Prob. S5.6BYBCh. 23 - Prob. 1CSCh. 23 - Prob. 2CSCh. 23 - Prob. 1ACh. 23 - Prob. 2ACh. 23 - Prob. 3ACh. 23 - Prob. 4ACh. 23 - Prob. 5ACh. 23 - Prob. 6ACh. 23 - Prob. 7ACh. 23 - Prob. 8ACh. 23 - Prob. 9ACh. 23 - Prob. 10ACh. 23 - Prob. 11ACh. 23 - Prob. 12ACh. 23 - Prob. 1AGPCh. 23 - Prob. 2AGPCh. 23 - Prob. 3AGPCh. 23 - Prob. 4AGPCh. 23 - Prob. 5AGPCh. 23 - Prob. 6AGPCh. 23 - Prob. 7AGPCh. 23 - Prob. 8AGPCh. 23 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23 - How would you determine whether a disease in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TC
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- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?arrow_forwardGregor Mendel’s basic principles of inheritance say that each trait is controlled by just one gene with just two alleles, and that each allele is clearly dominant or recessive to the other. However, we now know that many (if not most) traits are not actually inherited according to these rules. Name and describe two other (i.e., non-Mendelian) inheritance patterns, including how each one works, and a give specific example of an actual trait that follows each pattern.arrow_forward
- a. What is a complex trait? How many genes do we expect to affect a complex trait? b. How linkage (and linkage disequilibrium) relates to a GWAS?arrow_forwardIn his famous paper, Mendel writes that he set out to“determine the number of different forms in whichhybrid progeny appear” and to “ascertain their numericalinterrelationships.” How did his close attention tonumbers lead him to discover segregation and independentassortment?arrow_forwardSolve this problem using the rules of probability instead of Punnet squares, bifurcation forks, or mental visualization. Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traits that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression as follows: • Axial inflorescence (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal (flowers on top of the stem). Long (“tall") stem is dominant over short stem (“dwarf"). • Round seed is dominant over wrinkled. Let's use the symbols Fa/fa for genes determining axial vs. terminal (fa from "false umbel," a type of inflorescence); Le/le for tall vs. dwarf (le is for length); R/r for round vs. wrinkled seeds (the Latin word rugosus means wrinkled). Notice that the phenotype "tall plant" may be conferred by the genotype Lele or Lele; this can be abbreviated as Le-, where the dash represents the alternative allele. The homozygous lele will show the recessive phenotype. Since…arrow_forward
- Briefly explain why Blending inheritance theory is incorrectarrow_forwardA pedigree analysis was performed on the family of a man with schizophrenia. Based on the known concordance statistics, would his MZ twin be at high risk for the disease? Would the twins risk decrease if he were raised in an environment different from that of his schizophrenic brother?arrow_forwardWork out the Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit for Mendel's actual data on stem length: "Expt. 7: Length of stem. –– Out of 1,064 plants, in 787 cases the stem was long, and in 277 short. Hence a mutual ratio of 2.84:1. In this experiment the dwarfed plants were carefully lifted and transferred to a special bed. This precaution was necessary, as otherwise they would have perished through being overgrown by their tall relatives. Even in their quite young state they can be easily picked out by their compact growth and thick dark–green foliage." F2: O E O-E (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E # short 277 266 11 121 0.455 # tall 787 798 -11 121 0.152 sums: 1,064 1064 0.607 degrees of freedom = 2-1=1 Chi-squared value = .607 p-value: 0.25 < p < 0.50 Work out the Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit for Mendel's actual data on flower position: "Expt. 6: Position of flowers. –– Among 858 cases 651…arrow_forward
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