Biology - Study Guide
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321501561
Author: Martha R. Taylor
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 13TYK
This chapter introduced several research studies that illustrate various aspects of
- a. Two closely related species of monkey flowers have different pollinators (bumblebees and hummingbirds). Transferring an allele for flower color between the two species resulted in both types of pollinators visiting flowers with the transferred flower allele. Thus, this reproductive barrier based on pollinator choice may have been influenced by a change in a single gene locus.
- b. The apparent stability of the hybrid zone between two species of Bombina toads may relate to the narrow width of the zone. Even though hybrid toads have increased rates of embryonic mortality and a variety of morphological abnormalities, members of both parent species continue to migrate into the zone, leading to the production of hybrids.
- c. Populations of mosquitofish inhabit ponds in the Bahamas. In ponds that contain predatory fishes, natural selection has favored a body shape that facilitates rapid bursts of speed. In mate choice experiments, female mosquitofish choose males with body shapes similar to their own. The reproductive isolation between populations is forming as a by-product of natural selection for predator avoidance.
- d. In the many species of cichlids found in Lake Victoria, the reproductive barriers between species as a result of female mate choice based on male coloration appear to be breaking down because the introduced Nile perch is a strong predator of cichlids.
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Imagine a field of monkey flowers. Some of them are pink and others are red. It turns out that the pink flowers are pollinated mostly by bumblebees, whereas the red flowers are pollinated mostly by hummingbirds. As a result pink flowers are fertilized mostly by pollen from other pink flowers, and red flowers are fertilized mostly by pollen from other red flowers. The pink and red flowers have become separate species.
What type of speciation is this?
Sympatric speciation type (my answer)
What mechanism of reproductive isolation was involved?
??
Two hundred years ago, the fly species Rhagoletis pomonella only laid its eggs on fruit of the hawthorn tree. Today, different "host races" of R. pomonella lay their eggs on hawthorns OR apples. Apples occur within the range of hawthorns, so divergence between apple flies and hawthorn flies could be the first step in sympatric speciation. Choose the evidence that would suggest that R. pomonella is currently undergoing sympatric speciation. Check ALL answers that apply.
A.
Apple flies and hawthorn flies are able to form fertile hybrids.
B.
Apple flies and hawthorn flies are physically indistinguishable from each other.
C.
Apple flies typically mate with apple flies, and hawthorn flies typically mate with hawthorn flies.
D.
Apple flies and hawthorn flies emerge from their hosts at different times of the year.
a. What are the various types of reproductive isolating mechanisms that can lead to speciation?
b. What are the different modes of speciation?
c. Explain how evolution produce the tremendous amount of diversity among organisms.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology - Study Guide
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1IQCh. 24 - Fill in the following table to review three of the...Ch. 24 - a. A new plant species 8 forms by autopolyploidy...Ch. 24 - a. Differentiate between allopatric and sympatric...Ch. 24 - Use the following diagrams to explain the three...Ch. 24 - Prob. 6IQCh. 24 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 24 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 24 - What does the term punctuated equilibria describe?Ch. 24 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following is not a mechanism...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - Prezygotic barriers to reproduction between...Ch. 24 - A botanist identifies a new species of plant that...Ch. 24 - Which of the following would not contribute to...Ch. 24 - Morphological and genetic comparisons group 30...Ch. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - This chapter introduced several research studies...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The beetle pollinators of a particular plant are attracted to its flowers' bright orange color. The beetles not only pollinate the flowers, but they mate while inside the flowers. A mutant variant of the plant producing red flowers becomes more common with the passage of time. A particular variant of the beetle prefers the red flowers to the orange flowers. Over time, the two beetle variants diverge from each other to the point that interbreeding is no longer possible between them. What kind of speciation has occurred in this example, and what has driven it? Question 27 options: sympatric speciation; habitat (niche) differentiation sympatric speciation; allopolyploidy allopatric speciation; behavioural isolation allopatric speciation; ecological isolation sympatric speciation; sexual selectionarrow_forwardAll of the following are examples of prezygotic isolation except? A.) Two closely related species of flowering plants that release and are receptive to pollen at different times B.) Two closely related species of squirrels, one that lives and breeds in woody meadows and another that lives and breeds in the forest interior C.) Two closely related species of song birds whose hybrid embryos die early in development D.) Two closely related species of spiders that have different, species specific, binding proteins on their gametesarrow_forwardWould each of the following examples of reproductive isolation be considered a prezygotic or postzygotic mechanism? A. Horses and donkeys can interbreed to produce mules, but the mules are infertile. B. Three species of the orchid genus Dendrobium produce flowers 8 days, 9 days, and 11 days after a rainstorm. The flowers remain open for 1 day. C. Two species of fish release sperm and eggs into seawater at the same time, but the sperm of one species do not fertilize the eggs of the other species. D. Two tree frogs, Hyla chrysoscelis (diploid) and Hyla versicolor (tetraploid), can produce viable offspring, but the offspring are sterile.arrow_forward
- What role does geographic isolation play in the formation of a new species? Group of answer choices A.If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations cannot interbreed with one another. There will be gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species. B. If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations can interbreed with one another. There will be no gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species. C. None of the answers are correct D. If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations cannot interbreed with one another. There will be no gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species.arrow_forwardA researcher is studying two fly populations. Population A have stubbly bristles that are shorter and blunter than population B and are ebony coloured with black bodies. This is because they are homozygous for a certain allele for the stubble gene which affects bristle length and homozygous for the ebony gene which affects body colour. Population B have longer tapered bristles than population A and are not stubbly in appearance. They are not ebony and have brown bodies. This is because they are homozygous for a different gene that affects bristle length to population A and are homozygous for the gene that affects body colour. Table 1: F1 ebony flies - 0 F1 non-ebony flies - 560 F1 stubble flies - 560 F1 non-stubble flies - 0 Draw two separate Punnett Squares to illustrate the P1 cross - one for the stubbly alleles and one for the ebony alleles showing the individual gametes of each parent and the combination in the resulting F1 offspring.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would be a good example of premating reproductive isolation? A. Cross-fertilizations between the gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor and H. chrysoscelis result in a high degree of mortality prior to hatching of hybrid eggs. B. The mule, a hybrid between horses and donkeys is viable, but sterile. C. Males of H. versicolor produce an advertisement call with a much slower pulse rate than males of H. chrysoscelis and females use pulse rate differences to avoid mating with the wrong species. D. Hybrid offspring are produced from matings between leopard frogs and green frogs, but usually die before the tadpoles metamorphose into froglets.arrow_forward
- Name two events that must happen for both allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation to occur.arrow_forwardAssume that you are studying the evolution of anti-predator behavior in two species of butterfly. Both species A and species B have black and orange warning coloration on their wings that is used as a warning to predators. Which of the following studies would determine whether the warning coloration in species A and species B is a homology? An evolutionary study that determines which species produces the warning coloration at a younger age. An evolutionary study that determines if the same evolutionary forces maintain the black and orange coloration in both species. An evolutionary study that determines which predators are affected by the warning coloration. An evolutionary study that reconstructs color on the larger butterfly phylogeny to determine if the common ancestor of species A and species B also had black and orange warning coloration.arrow_forwardAn event occurs where a large population of photosynthetic sun-basking sharks move to a new geographical location, and are unable to return. In their new location, they must rely much more on consuming fish for nutrients, as there are less available places to bask/rest, and higher risk for hunting if they remain at the surface for long periods of time. What type of prezygotic isolating mechanism occurred? In 100 years, how do you think the relocated sharks will differ physically from the original population? Give at least 2 features and explain why you think so.arrow_forward
- What is a reason that speciation can occur? Organisms within a species are brought into closer proximity by a physical barrier. Organisms within an ecosystem make adaptions that involve different breeding times or interactions. Organisms develop traits that are not beneficial to their survival, and these traits are passed from generation to generation. Organisms develop traits that are beneficial and pass on the same traits to all future generations within the same species.arrow_forwardIs allopatric speciation more likely to occur on an island close to the mainland or on a more isolated island of the same size? Justify your prediction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of postzygotic reproductive isolation?a. Sperm of species A dies in the oviduct of species B before fertilization can take place.b. Hybrid zygotes between species A and B are spontaneously aborted early indevelopment.c. The mating seasons of species A and B do not overlap.d. Males of species A are not attracted to the pheromones produced by the females ofspecies B.arrow_forward
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