Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967671
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 3SQ
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction:
The immune system of the human body is divided into two main branches, namely the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Innate or the body’s first defence mechanism is present since birth, and this defence mechanism is non-specific, which means it acts as a barrier in for every foreign body irrespective of its structure. The adaptive immune system or the acquired immune system is a subsystem of all immune systems, which is the association of highly specialized systematic cells. Adaptive immunity influences immunological memory after an initial response toward a specific pathogen.
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Which of the following is a function of cytokines?
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Which of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. b. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. c. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. d. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1SQCh. 24 - Classify each of the following components of the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3SQCh. 24 - What makes a secondary immune response faster than...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5SQCh. 24 - Prob. 6SQCh. 24 - Prob. 7SQCh. 24 - Prob. 8SQCh. 24 - Prob. 9SQCh. 24 - Once vaccinated, you have had a primary exposure...
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- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Which statement is true about T cells? a. They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells b. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2. c. Once activated, they cannot secrete cytokines. d. They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed with class II MHC proteins.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE? A. Lymphatic vessels and veins have valves B. All Lymphocytes are part of our Non-specific immune defenses C. Chicken pox vaccines involve the injection of antibodies D. Spleens are lymph nodes which drain lymph fluid back to the blood circulation What do complement proteins, inflammation and fever have in common? A. All are part of the specific defenses mechanisms of the immune system (also called adaptive immunity) B. All are processes that occur in lymph nodes C. All occur as part of the non-specific defenses D. All occur as a direct result of antigen processing in an antigen processing cellarrow_forwardTo become a fully activated, antibody-secreting cell, B cells usually need: a. to encounter an antigen or receive a signal delivered by a helper T cell. b. to ingest a foreign invader such as a microobe. c. activation by a plasma cell d. contact with an antigen and helper T cell cytokinesarrow_forward
- Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. T-cell activation: cell division and differentiation b. effector B cell: plasma cell c. plasma cell: antibody secretion d. helper T cell: kills pathogen-infected cells e. helper T cell: facilitates the differentiation of B cells.arrow_forwardThe immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity. A. Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells. B. Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response. C. CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules. D. IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells? a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated. b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection. c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4. d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen. e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding negative selection of B cells is correct? a. Negative selection is a process that occurs in secondary lymphoid organs. b. Negative selection is a process that occurs in the bone marrow but not in secondary lymphoid organs. c. Negative selection ensures that B cells bearing receptors for pathogens that will not be encountered in a person’s lifetime are eliminated to make room for B cells bearing useful receptors. d. Negative selection eliminates B cells at the end of an infection as a means of terminating an immune response once the pathogen has been removed from the body. e. Negative selection ensures that autoreactive B cells are prohibited from emerging in the body.arrow_forwardAn antigen-presenting cell (APC)a. presents antigens to T cells.b. secretes antibodies.c. marks each human cell as belonging to that person.d. secretes cytokines only.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.arrow_forward
- Adaptive immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which interact but also have distinct roles in adaptive immunity. Identify the example of a strictly cell-mediated immune response. A. A cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected host cell. B. A helper T cell activates a B cell. C. A B cell gives rise to plasma cells, which release antibodies. D. An antigen is taken in by an antigen-presenting cell.arrow_forwardAn example of innate immune cells are: A. Macrophages B. Dendritic cells C. T cells D. B cells E. A and B onlyarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does not describe tolerogens accurately? Select one: A. They can be the same molecules as immunogens. B. They lead immune cells to become unresponsive. C. They can be foreign antigens. D. They affect B cells but not T cells. E. The can be presented by antigen- presenting cells.arrow_forward
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