Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967671
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 9SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The immune system of the human body is divided into two main branches, namely the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Innate or the body’s first defense mechanism is present since birth and this defense mechanism are non-specific, which means it acts as a barrier in for every foreign body irrespective of its structure. Adaptive immunity of the body comes in later stages, when the body is introduced to pathogens. It is a specific type of defense mechanism.
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Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.
Which of the following examples below describes an autoimmune disease?
a. Infection and death of T helper cells by a virus, resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity
b. Release of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine release result in muscle paralysis.
c. Antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of the motor end plate resulting in muscle weakness.
d. Uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by NK cells.
Which of the following is a non-organ-specific (systemic) autoimmune disease?
a.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
b.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (hypothyroidism)
C.
Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism)
d.
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I diabetes)
Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye. myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1SQCh. 24 - Classify each of the following components of the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3SQCh. 24 - What makes a secondary immune response faster than...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5SQCh. 24 - Prob. 6SQCh. 24 - Prob. 7SQCh. 24 - Prob. 8SQCh. 24 - Prob. 9SQCh. 24 - Once vaccinated, you have had a primary exposure...
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- When a helper T cell releases interleukin-1 to stimulate surrounding leukocytes, interleukin-1 is acting as: A. paracrine B. neurotransmitter C. autocrinearrow_forwardWhich of the following is an autoimmune disease of the heart?a. rheumatoid arthritisb. lupusc. rheumatic feverd. Hashimoto’s thyroiditisarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an autoimmune disease?a. multiple sclerosisb. myasthenia gravisc. contact dermatitisd. systemic lupus erythematosuse. rheumatoid arthritisarrow_forward
- interferons: a. cause inflammation b. inhibit viral infection c. aid in phagocytosis d. decrease the body temperaturearrow_forwardWhich cells produce antibodies? a. Neutrophils. b. Dendritic cells. c. Cytotoxic T cells. d. Plasma cells. The role of the humoral immune response is to a. kill infected cellsb. fight pathogens found in body fluid c. prevent pathogens from entering the body d. initiate an inflammatory responsearrow_forwardIdentify the mismatched pair. a. multiple sclerosis: demyelination in central nervous system b. Graves’ disease: receptor antagonist antibodies c. myasthenia gravis: pyridostigmine treatment d. Hashimoto’s disease: ectopic lymphoid tissues e. ectodermal dystrophy: hair, teeth, and fingernail abnormalities f. immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy and X-linked syndrome: requires hematopoietic stem cell transplant g. almost all autoimmune diseases: HLA complex associations.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is NOT true of a fever?a. Temperature is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting.b. The higher than normal body temperature impairs the functions of some bacteria.c. The higher than normal body temperature is always harmful.d. The higher temperature impairs leukocytes andantibody production.e. Both c and d. Which of the following statements is NOT true of antibodies?a. They bind to foreign antigens, making them susceptible to being engulfed by phagocytes.b. They serve as specific binding sites on B cells.c. An antibody is usually able to bind to a variety of different types of antigensd. They are composed of two heavy chains and two light chains.arrow_forwardContact dermatitis: A. is antibody mediated B. is both a type I hypersensitivity reaction and is cell mediated C. is a type I hypersensitivity reaction D. is cell mediatedarrow_forwardWhich of the following is both a phagocyte and an antigen-presenting cell? a. NK cell b. eosinophil c. neutrophil d. macrophagearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best characterizes interferons? A. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to viruses. B. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against viruses. C. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against bacteria. D. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to bacteria.arrow_forwardIndicate whether the following questions are true (T) or false (F). a. Secondary immune responses take the same amount of time as primary immune responses to become effective. b. On secondary exposure to an infectious agent there is reduced mortality. c. Only immune responses made in mucosal secondary lymphoid tissues can provide protective immunity. d. If an individual acquires a second cold in the same season it will most probably be caused by a different type of cold virus. e. Plasma cells generated in a secondary immune response have longer life-spans than those made during a primary immune response. f. During a primary immune response, only memory B cells are generated.arrow_forwardAn essential property of the immune system is self-regulation. An immune response that is not adequate can lead to immunodeficiency, whereas an immune response that is excessive can lead to conditions from allergic responses to autoimmune diseases. Which of these is not an example of a breakdown of the self-regulation of the immune system?a. Multiple sclerosisb. Huntington diseasec. Systemic lupusd. Fibromylagiaarrow_forward
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