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The difference between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do proto oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes undergo gain-of function or loss-of-function mutations and classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2, telomerase, jun, and p16.
Introduction:
Very few genes in the human genome are associated with cancer. Alterations in these genes lead to different forms of cancer. The malfunctioning of these genes causes cancer in broadly these forms: the proto-oncogenes produce protein products which normally enhance cell division or can inhibit the normal growth of the cells and the mutated form of this gene is called oncogene. The other group is called tumor suppressors which encodes for proteins preventing cell division and cell death.
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