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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
During catabolization of glucose, the number of ATPs formed per carbon should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It provides energy to the living cells to perform various activities and processes.
(b)
Interpretation:
During complete catabolization of stearic acid, the number of ATPs formed per carbon should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It provides energy to the living cells to perform various activities and processes.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the given data refuse or support the fact that lipids are more effective energy storing molecules than carbohydrates.
Concept Introduction:
The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate. It provides energy to the living cells to perform various activities and processes.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Loose Leaf for General, Organic and Biological Chemistry with Connect 2 Year Access Card
- Which nutrient provides energy in its most concentrated form?arrow_forwardEstimate the number of ATP molecules produced from a 15-gram glucose. (Molar mass glucose = 180.16 g/mol).arrow_forwardHow much energy is released as ATP from the complete oxidation of stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH)?arrow_forward
- Give an account of the total ATP yield when I molecule of glucose is converted to carbon dioxide and water?arrow_forwardIf sugar must be broken down to release energy through cellular respiration, why is ATP needed in the process? Explain.arrow_forwardWhy does Glycolysis only release a small amount of the total available energy that can be harvested from glucose?arrow_forward
- >One of the steps in fat metabolism is the reaction of glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) with ATP to yield glycerol 1-phosphate. Write the reaction, and draw the structure of glycerol 1-phosphate.arrow_forwardStearic acid is the common name for the C18 straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. Draw the structure of the fatty acyl-CoA that this forms (you don't have to draw out all of the atoms in coenzyme A; you can represent it as S-, and then show all of the reactions). Draw & identify all of the compounds formed when the eighteen carbon fat is converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA and the fourteen-carbon fat via two turns of the fatty acid spiral. List the enzymes and coenzymes that are part of the pathway.arrow_forwardKinases are enzymes that catalyze the addition (or removal) of a phosphate group to ( or from) a substance. ATP is also involved. How many kinases are in glycolysis? Name them.arrow_forward
- Below is the overall net equation for the complete oxidation of pyruvate. Calculate the number of ATP molecules that can be produced from the complete oxidation of 6 molecules of pyruvate. Pyruvate + 4NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H₂O → 3CO2 + 4NADH + 4H+ + FADH2 + GTP (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and one GDP yields 1 ATP.) O 75 ATP O 60 ATP O 12.5 ATP O 32 ATParrow_forwardThe net yield of ATP when 18 glucose molecules are metabolized during the process of glycolysis is a) 36 b) 72 c) 144 d) 216arrow_forwardGLYCOLYSIS: 1A) Starting with glucose (in the open-chain Fisher projection), draw out the molecular structures for each step of glycolysis. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 1B) What is the net reaction of glycolysis? CITRIC ACID CYCLE: 2A) Starting with acetyl-coenzymeA and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structures for each step of the citric acid cycle. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 2B) What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH2 and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH₂ to O₂ during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is…arrow_forward
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