bartleby

Concept explainers

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 25, Problem 25.102EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the citrate shuttle system is used in (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) lipogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is an acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acetyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as β-oxidation pathway.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes condensation twice, followed by chain cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetyl ACP is used in (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) lipogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is an acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acetyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as β-oxidation pathway.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. acetyl CoA undergo the process of condensation twice, followed by chain cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether H2O is used in (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) lipogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is an acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acetyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as β-oxidation pathway.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. acetyl CoA undergo the process of condensation twice, followed by chain cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether H2O is used as a reactant in (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) lipogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

 Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is an acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acetyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as β-oxidation pathway.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. acetyl CoA undergo the process of condensation twice, followed by chain cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Blurred answer
Students have asked these similar questions
Fatty acids and triglycerides are an important source of nutrition and a dense form of stored energy. Digestion of fats yields more energy per gram than digestion of carbohydrates. Each turn on the B-oxidation spiral results in the formation of a new acetyl COA molecule. This molecule can then be used to generate more energy in A) fatty acid synthesis B) ketolysis C) glycolysis D) tricarboxylic acid cycle E) oxidative phosphorylation
18. Amino acids that are degraded into are termed ketogenic. O a. a-ketoglutarate b. oxaloacetate c. fumarate d. acetyl CoA
The main difference between HDL and LDL is that only LDL: O Transports lipids from the liver to the tissue O Transports lipids from the tissue back to the liver O Has a high lipid content relative to protein O Both a and c O Both b and c

Chapter 25 Solutions

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card

Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 4QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 5QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 6QQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 4QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 5QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 6QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 4QQCh. 25.7 - The reducing agent needed in the process of...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 6QQCh. 25.8 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.9 - Prob. 4QQCh. 25.10 - Which of the following substances cannot be...Ch. 25.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.10 - Which of the following processes occurs within the...Ch. 25.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.11 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.11 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25 - Indicate whether each of the following aspects of...Ch. 25 - Indicate whether each of the following aspects of...Ch. 25 - Indicate whether each of the following pairings of...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.4EPCh. 25 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.6EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.7EPCh. 25 - What is a chylomicron?Ch. 25 - What are the products of the complete hydrolysis...Ch. 25 - What are the major products of the incomplete...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.11EPCh. 25 - At what location are free fatty acids and...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.13EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.14EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.15EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.16EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.17EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.18EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.19EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.20EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.21EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.22EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.23EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.24EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.25EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.26EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.27EPCh. 25 - Identify the oxidizing agent needed in Step 3 of a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.29EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.30EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.31EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.32EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.33EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.34EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.35EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.36EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.37EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.38EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.39EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.40EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.41EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.42EPCh. 25 - How many turns of the -oxidation pathway would be...Ch. 25 - How many turns of the -oxidation pathway would be...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.45EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.46EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.47EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.48EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.49EPCh. 25 - Explain why fatty acids cannot serve as fuel for...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.51EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.52EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.53EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.54EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.55EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.56EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.57EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.58EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.59EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.60EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.61EPCh. 25 - Why does a deficiency of carbohydrates in the diet...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.63EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.64EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.65EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.66EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.67EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.68EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.69EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.70EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.71EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.72EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.73EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.74EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.75EPCh. 25 - Severe ketosis situations produce acidosis....Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.77EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.78EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.79EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.80EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.81EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.82EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.83EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.84EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.85EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.86EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.87EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.88EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.89EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.90EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.91EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.92EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.93EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.94EPCh. 25 - What role does molecular oxygen, O2, play in fatty...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.96EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.97EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.98EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.99EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.100EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.101EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.102EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.103EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.104EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.105EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.106EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.107EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.108EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.109EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.110EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.111EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.112EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.113EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.114EP
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285853918
Author:H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Organic And Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305081079
Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305080485
Author:John E. McMurry
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry In Focus
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399692
Author:Tro, Nivaldo J.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,