UNIVERSE (LOOSELEAF):STARS+GALAXIES
UNIVERSE (LOOSELEAF):STARS+GALAXIES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115043
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 25, Problem 35Q
To determine

(a)

The reason for the radiation temperature to be T0=T(1+z) at the redshift z.

To determine

(b)

The radiation temperature at z=1.

To determine

(c)

The redshift at which the radiation temperature is equal to 293K.

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The photons that make up the cosmic microwave background were emitted about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Today, 13.8billion years after the Big Bang, the wavelengths of these photons have been stretched by a factor of about 1100 since they were emitted because lengths in the expanding universe have increased by that same factor of about 1100. Consider a cubical region of empty space in today’s universe 1.00 m on a side, with a volume of 1.00 m3. What was the length s0 of each side and the volume V0 of this same cubical region 380,000 years after the Big Bang? s0 = ? m V0 = ? m^3 Today the average density of ordinary matter in the universe is about 2.4×10−27 kg/m3. What was the average density ?(rho)0 of ordinary matter at the time that the photons in the cosmic microwave background radiation were emitted? (rho)0 = ? kg/m^3
To get an idea of how empty deep space is on the average, perform the following calculations:  (a) Find the volume our Sun would occupy if it had an average density equal to the critical density of 10-26 kg / m3 thought necessary to halt the expansion of the universe.  (b) Find the radius of a sphere of this volume in light years. (c) What would this radius be if the density were that of luminous matter, which is approximately 5% that of the critical density?  (d) Compare the radius found in part (c) with the 4-ly average separation of stars in the arms of the Milky Way.
If we were to analyze the magnetic flux lines of a current-carrying conductor, oriented perpendicularly to a magnetic field between two bar magnets, the interaction would look something like this: S N S N This interaction of magnetic flux lines (the bar magnets' straight lines versus the wire's cireles) will produce a mechanical force on the wire (called the Lorentz force). Which direction will this force act? Also, determine the direction of current through the conductor (seen from an end-view in the above illustration) necessary to produce the circular magnetic flux shown.
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