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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The product obtained in the reduction reaction of
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The series involves 10 reactions.
Citric acid cycle: The cycle in which acetyl group of each molecule of
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Organic Chemistry; Modified MasteringChemistry with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card; Study Guide and Student Solutions Manual for Organic Chemistry, Books a la Carte Edition (7th Edition)
- Describe a way to determine the rate of the alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of ethanol by NAD+.arrow_forwardThere are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. You were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.arrow_forwardChemistry What is the main aspect that the enzymes succinyl-CoA synthetase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphoglycerate kinase have in common?arrow_forward
- The enzyme that catalyzes reaction below can be classified as: NAD* NADH + H* Но- H-Ć- Н—с—н H- malate dehydrogenase Oxaloacetate Malatearrow_forwardThe enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is a(n) H 1000 CH3 Acetaldehyde Otransferase NADH + H+ ligase Olyase oxidoreductase hydrolase alcohol dehydrogenase NAD+ OH CH2 CH3 Ethanolarrow_forwardWhy is the conversion of lactic acid from the blood into glucose in the liver in an organism’s best interest?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between a dehydrogenase and a dehydrase?arrow_forwardGLYCOLYSIS: 1A) Starting with glucose (in the open-chain Fisher projection), draw out the molecular structures for each step of glycolysis. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 1B) What is the net reaction of glycolysis? CITRIC ACID CYCLE: 2A) Starting with acetyl-coenzymeA and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structures for each step of the citric acid cycle. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 2B) What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH2 and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH₂ to O₂ during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is…arrow_forwardWhat is lactated dehydrogenase, and how is it used in the reduction of carbonyl groups? Explain the manner in which the isoenzymes of LDH can be used as diagnostic tools. Choose one other diagnostic test not using LDH isoenzymes that might be used for the same application and explain what advantages and disadvantages exist over using LDH isoenzymes.arrow_forward
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