Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 8TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
DRAW IT Medical researchers seek to develop drugs that can kill or restrict the growth of human pathogens yet have few harmful effects on patients. These drugs often work by disrupting the
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This chapter shows a phylogenetic tree for the three domains of life, which is based on DNA sequence data for rRNA and other genes. Which of the following answers concerning the phylogenetic relationships found within this tree is incorrect?
View Available Hint(s)for Part A
Euryarcheotes are found in the Archaea
Diatoms, Tubulinids, and Euglenozoans belong to the domain Eukarya
Forams, Fungi, and Chlamydias belong to the domain Eukarya.
Spirochetes belong to the domain Bacteria
Ciliates, Red Algae, and Plants belong to the domain Eukarya.
Domain Eukarya
___________________means their cells have nuclei and other compartments (____________________). Organisms in domain Eukarya have larger, more complex cells with nuclei.
4 Kingdoms: ________________, Animalia, Fungi, and ________________
Kingdom Protists: Unicellular or multicellular and Autotrophs or heterotrophs
Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular,___________________ (by ingestion)
Kingdom Fungi: Most are multicellular and are heterotrophs (by ___________digestion)
Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular, _______________
Which of the following statements about eukaryotes is correct?
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Eukaryotes are life forms that possess a nucleus in the cells.
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Some cellular features, such as endoplasmic reticulum, is uniquely eukaryotic and is not shared with either bacteria or archaea.
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It has been hypothesized that the first eukaryotic cell is a chimera between a bacterium and an archaeon.
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During phylogenetic reconstruction, it is often found that eukaryotic genes that are responsible for information processing are more closely related to corresponding archaeal genes than to bacterial genes.
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All of the above
Chapter 25 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - Describe major events in the evolution of early...Ch. 25.1 - Explain why eukaryotes are said to be combination...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.2 - Summarize the evidence that choanoflagellates are...Ch. 25.2 - MAKE CONNECTlONS Describe how the origin of...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.3 - Briefly describe the organisms found in each of...Ch. 25.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figures 7.2 and 8.5...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.4 - Justify the claim that photosynthetic protists are...
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25 - The oldest fossil eukaryote that can be resolved...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 25 - Plastids that are surrounded by more than two...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 25 - Based on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 25.9,...Ch. 25 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The bacterium Wolbachia is a...Ch. 25 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION DRAW IT Medical researchers...Ch. 25 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS Organisms interact with each...Ch. 25 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE These micrographs show...
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- The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is thought to be necessary for transcription in all eukaryotic cell nuclei. Studies show that archaea, but not bacteria,have a protein structurally and functionally similar to TBP. What does this similarity suggest regarding the evolution of archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes? How might knowledge of this similarity affect how systematists classify these organisms?arrow_forwardTell whether the statement is true or false. 1. The endosymbiont hypothesis state that prokaryotes evolved into eukaryotic cells 2. Eukaryotes contain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplast 3. Organisms develop by a process known as spontaneous generation 4. Bacteria is an example of prokaryoric cwll 5. Prokaryote is a type of cell that has no nucleus and no cell membrane but has cytoplasmarrow_forwardAll living things are divided into three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. They have several traits that are specific to each domain or shared across the domains. Based on this information, what traits would the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) be expected to have? A. Nuclear envelope, introns in genes, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. B. Histones associated with DNA, circular chromosome, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. C. Unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, histones associated with DNA, and introns in genes. D. Circular chromosome, unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, and one kind of RNA polymerase.arrow_forward
- A scientist has discovered a new species and is tasked with identifying which of the kingdoms of life the organism might fit. Multicellular with nuclei Presence of a cell wall containing chitin Heterotrophic Non-motile Question options: Fungi Protista Plantae Animalia Protists are a group of organisms that are eukaryotic. However, they are a diverse group, with some of the members of the group having a more recent common ancestor with plants while others have a more recent common ancestor with animals. Algae are protists that are more closely related to plants than any other group. Which characteristics would algae share with plants but NOT with animals? Question options: DNA Ribosomes Chloroplasts Mitochondriaarrow_forwardWhich of the following statement is not a line of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the evolution of eukaryotes? Question 8 options: Mitochondria and plastids have their own circular DNA which is similar to bacterial DNA. Mitochondria and plastids can both live and reproduce outside of a cell. Mitochondria and plastids are separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane. Mitochondria and plastids reproduce independently of the rest of the cell.arrow_forwardJust as all life shares a last universal common ancestor, all eukaryotes share a last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). In considering what LECA was like, scientists look for features and processes common to all or nearly all eukaryotic groups. They assume that these structures emerged before the groups diverged and thus were present in LECA. Make a list of the features and processes that you think might have been passed down from LECA to modern eukaryotes.arrow_forward
- The membrane structure that eventually evolved into the double nuclear membrane of the eukaryotes first appears in the: A) Chemical evolution, B) Prokaryotes, C) Eukaryotes, D) the protocell, E) Plants.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 1. Which of the following is not true of the protists? (a) they are unicellular, colonial, coenocytic, or simple multicellular organisms (b) their cilia and flagella have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules (c) they are prokaryotic, as bacteria and archaea are (d) some are free-living, and some are endosymbionts (e) most are aquatic and live in the ocean or in freshwater pondsarrow_forwardBacteria that cause the disease typhus arc close relatives of bacteria that evolved into __________. a. protists b. protocells c. chioroplasts d. mitochondriaarrow_forward
- Which of the following provide evidence for an endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Choose all the correct statements. Group of answer choices They are about the same size as free-living cyanobacteria and alpha proteobacteria. The nuclear membrane of eukaryotes is similar to the archaean cell membrane. Organelle genes are often more similar to bacterial genes than those of their eukaryotic host. These organelles have their own circular genomic DNA.arrow_forwardWhich of the following observations constitutes evidence that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts? Mitochondria are aerobic. Chloroplasts are photosynthetic. Aerobic bacteria evolved before photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). Some protists have separately evolved their own plastids (chloroplast-like structures) through endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria, or even through endosymbiosis of photosynthetic protists. All Eukaryotes have mitochondria; only a subset of Eukaryotes have chloroplasts.arrow_forwardWhich two Domains contain organisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells? Archaea & Bacteria Which organisms in Domain Eukarya can make their own food? Which two Domains have ONLY unicellular organisms? ____________________ and __________________ If I found a new organism that was One cell big, could make its own food, had a nucleus in its cell, but did not contain a cell wall. Which Domain would you classify it under, and why? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________arrow_forward
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