Organic Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305080485
Author: John E. McMurry
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25.SE, Problem 60AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Interpretation of structure and reactivity.
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An unknown carbohydrate of formula C12H22O11 reacts with Tollens reagent to form asilver mirror. An a@glycosidase has no effect on the carbohydrate, but a b@galactosidasehydrolyzes it to d-galactose and d-mannose. When the carbohydrate is methylated (usingmethyl iodide and silver oxide) and then hydrolyzed with dilute HCl, the products are2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methylgalactose and 2,3,4-tri-O-methylmannose. Propose a structure forthis unknown carbohydrate
The disaccharide lactulose consists of a d-galactopyranose subunit and a d-fructofuranose subunit joined by a β-1,4-glycosidic linkage. After treatmentof lactulose with 1. excess CH3I/Ag2O, 2. HCl/H2O, the d-galactopyranose subunit was found to have one nonmethylated OH group, whereas thed-fructofuranose subunit had two. Draw the structure of α-lactulose.
Trehalose, C12H22O11, is a nonreducing sugar that is only 45% as sweet as sugar. When hydrolyzed by aqueous acid or the enzyme maltase, it forms only d-glucose. When it is treated with excess methyl iodide in the presence of Ag2O and then hydrolyzed with water under acidic conditions, only 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-d-glucose is formed. Draw the structure of trehalose
Chapter 25 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 25.2 - Prob. 2PCh. 25.2 - Prob. 3PCh. 25.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 25.2 - Prob. 5PCh. 25.3 - Prob. 6PCh. 25.3 - Prob. 7PCh. 25.4 - Prob. 8PCh. 25.4 - Prob. 9PCh. 25.4 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 11PCh. 25.5 - Prob. 12PCh. 25.5 - Prob. 13PCh. 25.5 - Prob. 14PCh. 25.5 - Prob. 15PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 16PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 17PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 18PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 19PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 20PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 21PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 22PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 23PCh. 25.7 - Prob. 24PCh. 25.8 - Show the product you would obtain from the...Ch. 25.SE - Prob. 26VCCh. 25.SE - Prob. 27VCCh. 25.SE - Prob. 28VCCh. 25.SE - Prob. 29VCCh. 25.SE - Prob. 30MPCh. 25.SE - Prob. 31MPCh. 25.SE - Glucosamine, one of the eight essential...Ch. 25.SE - D-Glicose reacts with acetone in the presence of...Ch. 25.SE - Prob. 34MPCh. 25.SE - Prob. 35MPCh. 25.SE - Prob. 36APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 37APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 38APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 39APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 40APCh. 25.SE - Assign R or S configuration to each chirality...Ch. 25.SE - Prob. 42APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 43APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 44APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 45APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 46APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 47APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 48APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 49APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 50APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 51APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 52APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 53APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 54APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 55APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 56APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 57APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 58APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 59APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 60APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 61APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 62APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 63APCh. 25.SE - D-Mannose reacts with acetone to give a...Ch. 25.SE - Prob. 65APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 66APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 67APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 68APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 69APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 70APCh. 25.SE - Prob. 71AP
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- The carbonyl group in d-galactose may be isomerized from C1 to C2 by brief treatmentwith dilute base (by the enediol rearrangement, Section 23-7). The product is the C4epimer of fructose. Draw the furanose structure of the product.arrow_forwardAn unknown disaccharide gives a positive Tollens’ test. A glycosidase hydrolyzes it to d-galactose and d-mannose. When the disaccharide is treated with methyl iodide and Ag2O and then hydrolyzed with dilute HCl, the products are 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methylgalactose and 2,3,4-tri-O-methylmannose. Propose a structure for the disaccharide.arrow_forwardContrast the structure of glycogen and chitin. Drag the appropriate items to their respective rows. Glycogen Chitin Monomers connect by B-1,4-glycosidic linkages Monomers connect by alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages Polymers interact with one another via hydrogen bonds Consists of modified glucose residues (NAG) Contains branches arising from alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages Consists of glucose residuesarrow_forward
- Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide (C12H22O11) isolated from the poisonous mushroom Amanita muscaria. Treatment with an a@glucosidase converts trehalose to two molecules of glucose, but no reaction occurs when trehalose is treated with a b@glucosidase.When trehalose is methylated by dimethyl sulfate in mild base and then hydrolyzed,the only product is 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methylglucose. Propose a complete structure andsystematic name for trehalose.arrow_forwardRaffinose is a trisaccharide (C18H32O16) isolated from cottonseed meal. Raffinose doesnot reduce Tollens reagent, and it does not mutarotate. Complete hydrolysis of raffinosegives d-glucose, d-fructose, and d-galactose. When raffinose is treated with invertase,the products are d-fructose and a reducing disaccharide called melibiose. Raffinose isunaffected by treatment with a b@galactosidase, but an a@galactosidase hydrolyzes itto d-galactose and sucrose. When raffinose is treated with dimethyl sulfate and basefollowed by hydrolysis, the products are 2,3,4-tri-O-methylglucose, 1,3,4,6-tetraO-methylfructose, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methylgalactose. Determine the completestructures of raffinose and melibiose, and give a systematic name for melibiose.arrow_forwardAn unknown reducing disaccharide is found to be unaffected by invertase enzymes. Treatment with an a@galactosidasecleaves the disaccharide to give one molecule of d-fructose and one molecule of d-galactose. When the disaccharideis treated with excess iodomethane and silver oxide and then hydrolyzed in dilute acid, the products are2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methylgalactose and 1,3,4-tri-O-methylfructose. Propose a structure for this disaccharide, and give itscomplete systematic name.arrow_forward
- Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide that serves as a mild reducing agent to detoxify peroxides and maintain the cysteineresidues of hemoglobin and other red blood cell proteins in the reduced state. Complete hydrolysis of glutathione givesGly, Glu, and Cys. Treatment of glutathione with carboxypeptidase gives glycine as the first free amino acid released.Treatment of glutathione with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (Sanger reagent, Problem 24-21, page 1246), followed bycomplete hydrolysis, gives the 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative of glutamic acid. Treatment of glutathione with phenylisothiocyanate does not give a recognizable phenylthiohydantoin, however.(a) Propose a structure for glutathione consistent with this information. Why would glutathione fail to give a normalproduct from Edman degradation, even though it gives a normal product from the Sanger reagent followed byhydrolysis?(b) Oxidation of glutathione forms glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Propose a structure for glutathione disulfide, and…arrow_forward22-97 Gelatin is derived from collagen by denaturation. Is a gelatin dessert likely to be a good source of dietary protein?arrow_forward
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