Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781118345009
Author: Gerard J. Tortora
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 13CP
Describe two mechanisms in the PCT, one in the nephron loop, one in the DCT, and one in the collecting duct for reabsorption of $$ what other solutes are reabsorbed or secreted with $$ in each mechanism?
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The distal nephron is able to fine-tune sodium and water balance because it can regulate reabsorption of sodium and water
independently of each other. This is unlike the proximal nephron, where an increase in sodium reabsorption will lead to an increase
in water reabsorption due to the creation of an osmotic gradient and free permeability to both sodium and water. How does
vasopressin affect water reabsorption in the distal nephron in response to a negative water balance?
Increased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
O Increased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
Decreased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
Decreased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
What would be the effect of a dysfunctional Na+/K+ pump in the cells of the following parts of the nephro:a. Proximal convoluted tubule?b. Loop of Henle?c. Distal convoluted tubule?
Aldosterone affects sodium balance by impacting sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. If MAP and/or GFR falls, how will this
system function?
Increased levels of aldosterone add epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) to the luminal membrane of the collecting duct.
Increased levels of aldosterone remove epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) from the luminal membrane of the collecting duct.
Decreased levels of aldosterone allow increased expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the collecting duct.
O Decreased levels of aldosterone decrease expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the collecting duct.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CPCh. 26 - Prob. 2CPCh. 26 - Prob. 3CPCh. 26 - Prob. 4CPCh. 26 - 10. Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)...Ch. 26 - How do tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7CPCh. 26 - What is the major chemical difference between...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9CPCh. 26 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 26 - How is glomerular filtration rate regulated?Ch. 26 - Prob. 12CPCh. 26 - Describe two mechanisms in the PCT, one in the...Ch. 26 - 19. How do intercalated cells secrete hydrogen...Ch. 26 - Graph the percentages of filtered water and...Ch. 26 - 21. How do symporters in the ascending limb of the...Ch. 26 - 22. How does ADH regulate facultative water...Ch. 26 - Prob. 18CPCh. 26 - What are the characteristics of normal urine?Ch. 26 - Prob. 20CPCh. 26 - How may kidney function be evaluated?Ch. 26 - Prob. 22CPCh. 26 - What forces help propel urine from the renal...Ch. 26 - What is micturition? How does the micturition...Ch. 26 - 30. How do the location, length, and histology of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26CPCh. 26 - Prob. 27CPCh. 26 - Which tissue gives rise to collecting ducts,...Ch. 26 - 34. To what extent do kidney mass and filtration...
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- As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardDescribe (and label on a diagram) the structures of a nephron (including associated blood vessels) and give the functions of each structure.arrow_forwardReabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis across the nephron wall b. active transport of sodium across the nephron wall c. a steep solute concentration gradient d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardExplain how the kidneys help to maintain the balance of acids and bases in extracellular fluid.arrow_forward
- Figure 41.6 Which of the following statements about the nephron is false? The collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule. The Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus. The loop of Henle is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The loop of Henle empties into the distal convoluted tubule.arrow_forwardFatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of autoregulation of kidney function? a. The RAAS regulates Na1 by secreting renin when blood pressure or blood volume decreases. b. The ADH system regulates water balance by decreasing water reabsorption and increasing excretion of salt. c. Receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus detect a higher salt concentration in the distal convoluted tubule and trigger constriction of the afferent arteriole to reduce glomerular filtration rate. d. ANF is released by the kidney to increase renin release. e. Angiotensin II lowers blood pressure by constricting arterioles.arrow_forward
- The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the (a) renal artery (b) efferent arteriole (c) renal vein (d) capillaries of the glomerulus (e) peritubular capillariesarrow_forwardBlood pressure forces water and small solutes out of blood and into nephrons during ________. a. glomerular filtration c. tubular secretion b. tubular reabsorption d. both a and carrow_forwardMatch the structure of the nephron to its primary function. Renal corpuscle Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Distal tubule Collecting duct responsible for size-selective filtration of the blood responsible for active transport and reabsorption of ions and nutrients as well as the reabsorption of water may or may not reabsorb sodium ions depending on the presence or absence of the hormone aldosterone. establishes a strong osmotic gradient allowing the reabsorption of water, sodium ions, and chloride ions. regulates reabsorption of water in response to the presence of ADH & secretes urea into the interstitial fluid to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla.arrow_forward
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