EBK BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND INVESTIGATION
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259869747
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCGRAW HILL BOOK COMPANY
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Chapter 26, Problem 17WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The position of ions before, during and after an action potential using 20 coins of two different types to represent 10
Concept introduction:
Unequal distribution of positive and negative charge across the cell membrane results in membrane potential of a cell. The rise and fall in the membrane potential of an axon at a specific location causes a series of electrical response or action potential.
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Students have asked these similar questions
In an experiment, the extracellular [Na+] surrounding a nerve cell was reduced from 145 to 45 mM. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this on action potentials?
No action potentials would occur because the concentration of extracellular Na+ is too low.
The membrane potential would become more negative so the threshold for action potential generation could not be reached.
The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarisation phase would be slower.
The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarization phase would be more rapid.
You have a photoreceptor cell in a dish. You are recording its membrane potential while flashing different intensities of light. Which of the following would you observe?
Group of answer choices
The cell hyperpolarizes, with brighter light causing more hyperpolarization than dimmer lights
The cell depolarizes, with brighter light causing more depolarization than dimmer lights
If the light is bright enough to reach threshold, it will fire an action potential
No change in membrane potential will be observed
Describe how resting potential is achieved and what ions are involved in it and what side of the cell membrane they are on.
Chapter 26 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND INVESTIGATION
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.2 - Where is the myelin sheath located?Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - What are the functions of each of the three...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the forces that maintain the distribution...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 3MC
Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.3 - What prevents action potentials from spreading in...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 6MCCh. 26.3 - How do myelin and the nodes of Ranvier speed...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the structure of a synapse.Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.6 - List some structures that protect the central...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 26.7 - The researchers conducted a behavioral experiment...Ch. 26.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26 - Some cells of the central nervous system are...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 26 - What event triggers an action potential? a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 26 - Damage to the surface tissue of the spinal cord...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 26 - Describe some invertebrate nervous systems. Why do...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 26 - What is the connection between the threshold...Ch. 26 - Write a nonbiological analogy for resting...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 26 - Sketch a synapse: label the axon and synaptic...Ch. 26 - Describe the events that occur at a synapse when a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 26 - Cerebral palsy is a nervous system disorder that...Ch. 26 - Traumatic brain injury can occur when a person...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 15WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 16WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 17WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 1PITCh. 26 - Prob. 2PITCh. 26 - Prob. 3PITCh. 26 - PULL IT TOGETHER 4. Acid the somatic, autonomic,...
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- The above depolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents? a potassium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport Na+ ions out of the cytoplasm a potassium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport Na+ ions into the cytoplasmarrow_forwardIf the neuron is stimulated such that its membrane potential changes to 50 mV, what is the sign of the driving force for Cl- ions and in which direction will these ions move across the membrane? Positive driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Positive driving force; Cl- moves out of the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves out of the cellarrow_forwardWhen a neurotransmitter binds with receptors at the membrane, it may cause sodium channels to open. An inflow of sodium causes the membrane to partially depolarize and become less negatively charged. For example, the voltage might change from -70 mV to -65 mV. This partial depolarization of the dendrites and cell body acts as: an EPSP, exciting the cell and increasing the likelihood of action potentials. an IPSP, inhibiting the cell and reducing the likelihood of action potentials. none of these options; depolarization has no excitatory or inhibitory effect on a neuron. both an EPSP and and IPSP.arrow_forward
- The following graph represents a membrane potential recording in the dark, then during a brief flash of flight at the time indicated by the arrow. This could be a recording from a: a) rod cell b) bipolar cell c) ganglion cell d) any of the abovearrow_forwardDraw details of the repolarization phase of an action potential from the following descriptions of the sequences of AfterHyperPolarization (AHP) and AfterDePolarization (ADP) sequences. Make the distinct phases clear and noticeable (5 % each) A complex AHP consisting of a first component AHP, an ADP, and a second component AHP before repolarization to resting membrane potential a first fast AHP component, followed by a slower AHP, followed by a fast ADP, and a second late AHP component before repolarization to restarrow_forwardAt rest, a neuron has a lower concentration of sodium than the surrounding fluid. The neuron also has a higher concentration of potassium inside the cell. The sodium-potassium ion pump is used to maintain the neuron in the resting state. Which of the following statements is true? A. Remaining at rest requires the use of ATP. B. Remaining at rest requires an input of sodium. C. Remaining at rest requires the activation of cotransporters. D Remaining at rest requires decreased permeability of the membrane.arrow_forward
- List three ways in which action potentials can be initiated in neurons?arrow_forwardDescribe the events of an action potential in terms of ions and gates or channels beginning with the generation of a local potential through the re-establishment of resting membrane potential.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. Resting membrane potential b. Graded membrane potential c. Action potential d. Depolarization e. Repolarization f. Hyperpolarizationarrow_forward
- The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle cell is quite small, but there are many species of fish that use multiple action potentials in series to produce significant voltages. The electric organs in these fish are composed of specialized disk-shaped cells called electrocytes. The cell at rest has the usual potential difference between the inside and the outside, but the net potential difference across the cell is zero. An electrocyte is connected to nerve fibers that initially trigger a depolarization in one side of the cell but not the other. For the very short time of this depolarization, there is a net potential difference across the cell, as shown. Stacks of these cells connected in series can produce a large total voltage. Each stack can produce a small current; for more total current, more stacks are needed, connected in parallel. In an electric eel, each electrocyte can develop a voltage of 150 mV for a short time. For a total voltage of 450 V, how many electrocytes must…arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 27 mM at 20 ∘C ? Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised pleasearrow_forwardThe membrane potential caused by differences in ions across the plasma membrane of an electrically excitable cell (when not stimulated) is called: action potential resting membrane potential graded potential local potentialarrow_forward
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